{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:54:15Z","timestamp":1772844855335,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Early childhood caries (ECC) is a significant public health concern affecting children globally. Recent studies suggest a potential association between the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans (C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>albicans)<\/jats:italic>\n                      in the oral cavity and the risk of ECC, but findings have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and ECC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Studies were included if they examined the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the occurrence or severity of dental caries in children. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Statistical analyses, including pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), were conducted to synthesize the findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 22 studies, involving 3301 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The findings revealed a significant association between the presence of\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and an increased likelihood of ECC, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 4.42 (95% CI: 3.14\u20136.24, p &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that factors such as geographic region, study design, and detection methods influenced the strength of this association. Studies conducted in Europe reported a stronger association (OR: 10.13, 95% CI: 6.01\u201317.09) compared to those in Asia (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 2.53\u20135.20) and the Americas (OR: 3.98, 95% CI: 1.14\u201313.87). Case-control studies had a higher pooled OR (5.30, 95% CI: 1.72\u201316.31) compared to cross-sectional studies (4.30, 95% CI: 2.92\u20136.33). The odds of ECC in children with\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      were 4.08 (95% CI: 2.65\u20136.27) in dental plaque samples, 9.55 (95% CI: 2.17\u201342.01) in oral swab samples, and 4.70 (95% CI: 2.44\u20139.09) in saliva samples. No publication bias was observed based on Begg\u2019s test (P-value = 0.612) and Egger\u2019s test (P-value = 0.250).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings provide support for the hypothesis that\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      plays a role in the development of ECC. Moving forward, it is essential for future research to concentrate on comprehending the mechanisms that underlie this relationship and to develop specific strategies for prevention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T13:34:23Z","timestamp":1734356063000},"page":"e0315086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["RETRACTED: Investigating the association between Candida albicans and early childhood dental caries: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lusine G.","family":"Khachatryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Allahbakhsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana E.","family":"Vadiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2539-7210","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Mohammadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-020-00237-z","article-title":"Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children\u2019s worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"M Kazeminia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00157","article-title":"Early Childhood Caries: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Prevention","volume":"5","author":"S Anil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref003","first-page":"71","article-title":"Early Childhood Caries (ECC) Prevalence and Background Factors: A Review","volume":"12","author":"G Congiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref004","first-page":"65","article-title":"Impact of early childhood caries on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children","volume":"16","author":"MY Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0315086.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2020.02.006","article-title":"Impact of early childhood caries on quality of life: Child and parent perspectives","volume":"10","author":"N Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0315086.ref006","first-page":"176","article-title":"Risk Factors for Early Childhood Caries: An Umbrella Review","volume":"43","author":"VN Thang Le","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198433","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2023.2198433","article-title":"Dental caries and their microbiomes in children: what do we do now?","volume":"15","author":"AA Ribeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"pone.0315086.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01262-20","article-title":"Competition and Caries on Enamel of a Dual-Species Biofilm Model with Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis","volume":"86","author":"N D\u00edaz-Garrido","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00902.x","article-title":"Does assessment of microbial composition of plaque\/saliva allow for diagnosis of disease activity of individuals?","volume":"25","author":"GH Bowden","year":"1997","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046309","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2022.2046309","article-title":"Streptococcus mutans-associated bacteria in dental plaque of severe early childhood caries","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0315086.ref011","article-title":"Focus on the cariogenic process: microbial and biochemical interactions with teeth and oral environment","volume":"35","author":"G Dipalma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"issue":"233","key":"pone.0315086.ref012","first-page":"9","article-title":"DENTINE CARIES: ACID-TOLERANT MICROORGANISMS AND ASPECTS ON COLLAGEN DEGRADATION","author":"AH Lager","year":"2014","journal-title":"Swed Dent J Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2733","article-title":"Microbiological Evaluation of Herbal Extracts against Candida albicans in Early Childhood Caries Patients: An In Vitro Study","volume":"17","author":"SB Siddaiah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdj.2023.12.001","article-title":"Association between Candida albicans and childhood dental caries in Japanese children","volume":"34","author":"Y Ota","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatric Dental Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0315086.ref015","first-page":"102","article-title":"Presence of candida in the dental plaque and saliva of patients with severe early childhood caries and early childhood caries: a pilot study","volume":"58","author":"\u00d6. Esra","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Oral Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2174\/0118742106290568240126040418","article-title":"Proportion of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Candida albicans in Early Childhood Caries: Evaluation by qPCR","volume":"18","author":"TP Agustin","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Open Dentistry Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10802","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90198-3","article-title":"Association of Candida albicans and Cbp(+) Streptococcus mutans with early childhood caries recurrence","volume":"11","author":"BA Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0315086.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520908595","article-title":"Sex-Based Diverse Plaque Microbiota in Children with Severe Caries","volume":"99","author":"VC de Jesus","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0276922","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02769-22","article-title":"Human Tooth as a Fungal Niche: Candida albicans Traits in Dental Plaque Isolates","volume":"14","author":"Z Xiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0315086.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12691","article-title":"Is the oral fungal pathogen Candida albicans a cariogen?","volume":"24","author":"D Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0315086.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00339-19","article-title":"Multi-omics Analyses Reveal Synergistic Carbohydrate Metabolism in Streptococcus mutans-Candida albicans Mixed-Species Biofilms","volume":"87","author":"K Ellepola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151532","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1151532","article-title":"Roles of Streptococcus mutans-Candida albicans interaction in early childhood caries: a literature review","volume":"13","author":"Y Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0315086.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-020-00823-8","article-title":"Candida albicans promotes tooth decay by inducing oral microbial dysbiosis","volume":"15","author":"Q Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Isme j"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943480","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.943480","article-title":"Candida species and selected behavioral factors co-associated with severe early childhood caries: Case-control study","volume":"12","author":"M Cvanova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0658-4","article-title":"Cariogenicity of Candida albicans of distinct genotypes among 3-5-year-old Uygur children in Kashgar, China- a case-control study","volume":"18","author":"W Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0315086.ref026","first-page":"730","article-title":"Prevalence of Candida albicans and its relationship with early childhood caries among children of three ethnic groups (Han, Uygur, Mongolian) in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","volume":"53","author":"HF Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0315086.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.4103\/JISPPD.JISPPD_160_17","article-title":"Comparison of Candida species isolated from children with and without early childhood caries: A descriptive cross-sectional study","volume":"35","author":"MS Beena","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699968","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.699968","article-title":"Methods for the Development of Healthcare Practice Recommendations Using Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses","volume":"12","author":"T. Platz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01381-z","article-title":"Conducting proportional meta-analysis in different types of systematic reviews: a guide for synthesisers of evidence","volume":"21","author":"TH Barker","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0315086.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-016-9319-z","article-title":"A Guide to Conducting a Meta-Analysis","volume":"26","author":"MW Cheung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0315086.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-022-2500-y","article-title":"Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: A Guide for Beginners","volume":"59","author":"JL Mathew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0315086.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1159\/000481833","article-title":"Candida albicans and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"52","author":"J Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0315086.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2023.1803","article-title":"Resource Review: EndNote 21 desktop version","volume":"111","author":"T. Gotschall","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.7599\/hmr.2015.35.1.23","article-title":"Statistical considerations in meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"H. Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hanyang Medical Reviews"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9930-0_15","article-title":"Meta-analysis: statistical methods","author":"JP Nelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Benefit transfer of environmental and resource values: a guide for researchers and practitioners"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0315086.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4425-7","article-title":"Empirical Comparison of Publication Bias Tests in Meta-Analysis","volume":"33","author":"L Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119099369.ch25","article-title":"Meta\u2010analysis in stata","author":"DJ Fisher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Systematic reviews in health research: meta\u2010analysis in context"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0315086.ref038","first-page":"156","article-title":"Relationship between oral Candida albicans and flora in children with severe early childhood caries","volume":"30","author":"Y Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5222\/buchd.2020.09475","article-title":"Incidence of oral candidiasis, and the relationship of oral Candida species with severe early childhood caries: a microbiological in vivo study","author":"G Bulut","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16275.2","article-title":"Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR","volume":"7","author":"EW Bachtiar","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2016.1244560","article-title":"Prevalence of Candida albicans and carriage of Candida non-albicans in the saliva of preschool children, according to their caries status","volume":"75","author":"CP Lozano Moraga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0315086.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaphd.jiaphd_80_17","article-title":"Association between Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans among 3\u20135-year-old children with early childhood caries: A cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"F Farhanaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0315086.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0164242","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164242","article-title":"Candida albicans Carriage in Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) and Maternal Relatedness","volume":"11","author":"J Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-015-0134-3","article-title":"Genotypic diversity and cariogenicity of Candida albicans from children with early childhood caries and caries-free children","volume":"15","author":"R Qiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0315086.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2012.05.012","article-title":"Genotypic distribution of Candida albicans in dental biofilm of Chinese children associated with severe early childhood caries","volume":"57","author":"XQ Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0315086.ref046","first-page":"304","article-title":"Prevalence of candida albicans in dental plaque and caries lesion of early childhood caries (ECC) according to sampling site","volume":"2","author":"M Ghasempour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref047","first-page":"45","article-title":"Oral candidal carriage in children with and without dental caries","volume":"38","author":"B Ugun-Can","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0315086.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2006.06.001","article-title":"Presence of mutans streptococci and Candida spp. in dental plaque\/dentine of carious teeth and early childhood caries","volume":"51","author":"FG de Carvalho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0315086.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-302X.2003.00086.x","article-title":"Clonal identity of Candida albicans in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract of pre-school children","volume":"18","author":"H Hossain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0315086.ref050","first-page":"95","article-title":"Risk Factors for Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case Control and Cohort Studies","volume":"41","author":"M Kirthiga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0315086.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12766","article-title":"Methods for prevention of early childhood caries: Overview of systematic reviews","volume":"31","author":"RC Soares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0315086.ref052","article-title":"Candida albicans and Oral Carcinogenesis. A Brief Review","volume":"7","author":"M Di Cosola","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638609","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.638609","article-title":"Mechanistic Understanding of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Approaches for Its Inhibition","volume":"12","author":"T Atriwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"pone.0315086.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2022.106673","article-title":"Candida albicans biofilms: antifungal resistance, immune evasion, and emerging therapeutic strategies","volume":"60","author":"F Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940602","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.940602","article-title":"Streptococcus Mutans Membrane Vesicles Enhance Candida albicans Pathogenicity and Carbohydrate Metabolism","volume":"12","author":"R Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911623","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.911623","article-title":"Cross-kingdom interaction between Candida albicans and oral bacteria","volume":"13","author":"Q Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.04.045","article-title":"Acid-induced demineralisation of human enamel as a function of time and pH observed using X-ray and polarised light imaging","volume":"120","author":"RA Harper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0315086.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8040511","article-title":"Candida albicans Adaptation on Simulated Human Body Fluids under Different pH","volume":"8","author":"A Barbosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aambs.2014.12.002","article-title":"Candida survival strategies","volume":"91","author":"M Polke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0315086.ref060","article-title":"Oral Candidosis: Pathophysiology and Best Practice for Diagnosis, Classification, and Successful Management","volume":"7","author":"SY Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0315086.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2020.08.011","article-title":"Fungal infections in dentistry: Clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment alternatives","volume":"130","author":"A Lombardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0315086.ref062","first-page":"e172","article-title":"Therapeutic tools for oral candidiasis: Current and new antifungal drugs","volume":"24","author":"G Quind\u00f3s","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0759-7","article-title":"Interactions between Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and oral micro-organisms in an in vitro biofilm model","volume":"16","author":"Q Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0315086.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11030335","article-title":"Oral Cavity and Candida albicans: Colonisation to the Development of Infection","volume":"11","author":"M. Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0315086.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003616","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003616","article-title":"Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and the human mouth: a sticky situation","volume":"9","author":"KH Metwalli","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"pone.0315086.ref066","article-title":"Risk factors for Early Childhood Caries in Italian preschoolers: A cross-sectional analysis","volume":"1","author":"V D\u2019Oria","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-019-00463-3","article-title":"Tooth brushing habits and prevalence of early childhood caries: a prospective cohort study","volume":"21","author":"K Boustedt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0315086.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2469","article-title":"Early Childhood Caries in a Preschool-based Sample in Northeast Italy: Socioeconomic Status and Behavioral Risk Factors","volume":"15","author":"R Ferro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12262","article-title":"Genetic factors affecting dental caries risk","volume":"60","author":"S Opal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0315086.ref070","first-page":"185","article-title":"Association among salivary flow rate, caries risk and nutritional status in pre-schoolers","volume":"28","author":"PN Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Latinoam"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315086.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517736497","article-title":"Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cariogenic Biofilm Microenvironment","volume":"29","author":"Y Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Dent Res"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0337750","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000}},{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0337750","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"record-id":"69641"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0315086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T09:40:36Z","timestamp":1764754836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0315086"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mohmed Isaqali","family":"Karobari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0315086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]}}}