{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:24:17Z","timestamp":1787498657246,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009374","name":"Pakistan Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSF\/NSLP\/KP-UAP (887)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSF\/NSLP\/KP-UAP (887)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Researchers supporting Project number (RSPD2025R971)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Researchers supporting Project number (RSPD2025R971)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Globally, ruminants contribute largely to the livelihood and supply of quality food for human consumption. However, small ruminants face numerous problems, including infectious diseases, in lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Brucellosis is one of the important zoonotic diseases affecting the range of animals caused by Brucella species, including Brucella abortus and\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella mellitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Although brucellosis caused by\n                    <jats:italic>B. mellitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in small ruminants has never been reported in the study areas, its zoonotic importance can never be underestimated. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the sero-molecular prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>B. mellitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in small ruminants in districts Mohmand and Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 400 blood samples were collected from sheep and goats (n\u2009=\u2009200 from each species) and analyzed by Rose Bengal precipitation test (RBPT), the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    -ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The findings of the study indicated 13.5% and 7% of sheep while 12.5% and 12.5% of goat\u2019s samples by RBPT and (i-ELISA) respectively. The species-specific PCR confirmed\n                    <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 70% of sheep samples and 37.5% of goat\u2019s samples and\n                    <jats:italic>B. mellitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 25% of sheep and 62.5% of goat\u2019s samples by targeting IS711. The findings of the study concluded that\n                    <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were circulating in sheep and goats with a higher prevalence in the study areas. This study detected the presence of\n                    <jats:italic>B. mellitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    for the first time in small ruminants in the study areas.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T13:45:32Z","timestamp":1738935932000},"page":"e0315206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigation into the sero-molecular prevalence of Brucella melitensis in small ruminants in districts Mohmand and Charsadda Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sohaib","family":"Ul Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhan Anwar","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shuaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Said Sajjad Ali","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrood Ahmed","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Pokoo-Aikins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3247-5898","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ayman A.","family":"Swelum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0315206.ref001","unstructured":"Pakhtunkhwa AL-K. 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