{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:52:02Z","timestamp":1790009522429,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hamstring strain injuries are a prevalent burden in soccer. Low strength, muscle fatigue, and inter-limb differences in hamstring strength are associated with hamstring injury risk. Previous research shows increased hamstring injury incidence in soccer at the end of each half or the end of the match, respectively. This study aims at evaluating the aforementioned risk factors of hamstring injury over the course of a simulated soccer match. Ten active soccer players carried out the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test, during which hamstring strength of both legs was assessed on seven occasions via the optimized 90:20 Isometric Posterior Chain Test. Hamstring strength of each limb and inter-limb differences in hamstring strength over the course of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test were parameters of interest. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the development of hamstring strength and limb-asymmetries in hamstring strength during the simulated soccer match. Compared to pre-match values, hamstring strength was significantly decreased after 15 and 30 minutes of simulated soccer match for the non-dominant and dominant leg, respectively. There were no further variations in hamstring strength within the simulated soccer match for either leg. We did neither measure significant recovery of hamstring strength to pre-match values at the beginning of the second half, as suspected by previous research, nor inter-limb differences, or a deterioration of limb asymmetries in hamstring strength during the simulated soccer match. Players who only participate for a short period in a soccer match may be exposed to the same risk of suffering hamstring injury like players who compete for a longer duration. Decreasing hamstring strength partly depicts the pattern of hamstring injury incidences during soccer matches. Additional factors may influence the increasing hamstring injury rate at the end of each half or the later stages of a match, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T18:31:17Z","timestamp":1734114677000},"page":"e0315317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The development of hamstring strength over the course of a simulated soccer match"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8442-0044","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dominic Michael","family":"Rasp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8416-9820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Florian Kurt","family":"Paternoster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansgar","family":"Schwirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0315317.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-105407","article-title":"Hamstring injury rates have increased during recent seasons and now constitute 24% of all injuries in men\u2019s professional football: the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study from 2001\/02 to 2021\/22","volume":"57","author":"J Ekstrand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0315317.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-094285","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical outcome comparison of indirect (\u2019strain\u2019) versus direct (\u2019contusion\u2019) anterior and posterior thigh muscle injuries in male elite football players: UEFA Elite League study of 2287 thigh injuries (2001\u20132013)","volume":"49","author":"P Ueblacker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0315317.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.3390\/app10051610","article-title":"A Longitudinal Investigation of Muscle Injuries in an Elite Spanish Male Academy Soccer Club: A Hamstring Injuries Approach","volume":"10","author":"J Raya-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0315317.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0241127","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241127","article-title":"Potential prognostic factors for hamstring muscle injury in elite male soccer players: A prospective study","volume":"15","author":"I Shalaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0315317.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.00995.x","article-title":"Acute hamstring injuries in Danish elite football: a 12-month prospective registration study among 374 players","volume":"20","author":"J Petersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"pone.0315317.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508316764","article-title":"Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: a prospective study","volume":"36","author":"J-L Croisier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0315317.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515599633","article-title":"Eccentric Knee Flexor Strength and Risk of Hamstring Injuries in Rugby Union: A Prospective Study","volume":"43","author":"MN Bourne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0315317.ref008","first-page":"194","article-title":"Relationship between hamstring strains and leg muscle strength. 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