{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:02:41Z","timestamp":1787022161302,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["Qian Ke He Platform Talents CXTD [2023] 030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qian Ke He Platform Talents CXTD [2023] 030"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project","award":["Qian Ke He Support [2022] General 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qian Ke He Support [2022] General 001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52474127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52474127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial of Social Funding Project","award":["LDLFJSFW2024-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LDLFJSFW2024-9"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High temperature is a critical safety concern that poses challenges to the safe and efficient operation of coal mines. To explore the mechanical behavior and fracture mechanisms of coal exposed to high temperatures, coal samples were subjected to various thermal treatments. After cooling, uniaxial compression tests were performed using an electronic universal testing machine to assess their macroscopic properties. A discrete element numerical model, reflecting the same mineral composition, was then developed to investigate the microscopic fracture behavior of thermally treated coal under uniaxial compression. The results indicate that at high temperatures, thermal motion becomes more pronounced, leading to increased particle displacement and a transition in coal failure from brittle to ductile behavior. High temperatures intensify thermal damage, generating numerous thermal cracks, which prolong the crack closure phase and delay the onset of the elastic deformation stage. Furthermore, the formation and propagation of these thermal cracks significantly influence macroscopic mechanical properties. Peak stress and elastic modulus decrease with rising temperature, with the most pronounced reductions occurring between 200\u00b0C and 300\u00b0C, where the thermal damage factor peaks at 0.72. As the temperature increases, the proportion of tensile cracks decreases, while shear cracks become more prevalent. Under heat treatment, tensile failure dominates, whereas shear failure is predominant during uniaxial compression. These findings provide valuable insights for improving safety protocols in high-temperature coal mining environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T13:27:04Z","timestamp":1734355624000},"page":"e0315468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Study on the mechanical behavior and rupture characteristics of coal after thermal damage"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1359-790X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9738-2142","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yiping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijiao","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianwei","family":"Heng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0315468.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2024.06.013","article-title":"Study concerning the supercritical adsorption behavior of shale gas that analyzed different adsorption mechanisms","volume":"208","author":"C Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Research and Design"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315468.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/1056789517741950","article-title":"Deformation and damage dynamic characteristics of coal-rock materials in deep coal mines","volume":"28","author":"J Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics"},{"key":"pone.0315468.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133923","article-title":"Study of the microstructure and oxidation characteristics of residual coal in deep mines","volume":"373","author":"H Niu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"key":"pone.0315468.ref004","article-title":"Coal damage and energy characteristics during shallow mining to deep mining.","volume":"291","author":"X Du","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0315468.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmst.2018.05.013","article-title":"Spontaneous combustion of coals and coal-shales","volume":"28","author":"M Onifade","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology"},{"key":"pone.0315468.ref006","article-title":"Effects of thermal boundary conditions on spontaneous combustion of coal under temperature-programmed conditions.","volume":"295","author":"X Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"pone.0315468.ref007","article-title":"Study on the thermal release characteristics and the correlation transformation mechanism of microscopic active groups of oxidized coal combustion in a deep mined-out area","volume":"890","author":"H Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science of The Total Environment"},{"key":"pone.0315468.ref008","article-title":"A coupled thermal-force-chemical-displacement multi-field model for underground coal gasification based on controlled retraction injection point technology and its thermal analysis.","volume":"293","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy."},{"key":"pone.0315468.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2023.129584","article-title":"Study on energy distribution and attenuation of CO2 fracturing vibration from coal-like material in a new test platform.","volume":"356","author":"K Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"pone.0315468.ref010","article-title":"Effect of low-temperature pre-oxidation on the self-heating of coal.","volume":"356","author":"H Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0315468.ref011","first-page":"282","article-title":"Comparative analysis of coal and coal-shale intrinsic factors affecting spontaneous combustion. 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