{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:12:40Z","timestamp":1790820760281,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019186","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Innovative Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["874627"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["874627"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019186","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019186","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Innovative Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["946192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["946192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019186","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research foundation Flanders","award":["FWOG.0629.18N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWOG.0629.18N"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004431","name":"Fondation de France","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00069258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00069258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-22-CE34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-22-CE34"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008700","name":"Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015459","name":"Danish Cancer Society Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004099","name":"Ligue Contre le Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008017","name":"Institut Gustave-Roussy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008017","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008018","name":"Mutuelle G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l'Education Nationale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015760","name":"Inserm Transfert","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008658","name":"Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008658","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008658","name":"DKFZ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008658","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018027","name":"Heidelberger Zentrum f\u00fcr Personalisierte Onkologie Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum In Der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010447","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Herz-Kreislaufforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007388","name":"Compagnia di San Paolo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004462","name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004462","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002999","name":"Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002999","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Netherlands Cancer Registry"},{"name":"LK Research Funds"},{"name":"Dutch Prevention Funds"},{"name":"Dutch ZON"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013514","name":"Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013514","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Statistics Netherlands"},{"name":"Health Research Fund (FIS) - Instituto de Salud Carlos III"},{"name":"Regional Governments of Andaluc\u00eda, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, and the Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002794","name":"Cancerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"County Councils of Sk\u00e5ne and V\u00e4sterbotten"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C8221\/A29017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C8221\/A29017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1000143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1000143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/M012190\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/M012190\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycotoxins have been hypothesized to contribute to a diversity of adverse health effects in humans, even at low concentrations. Certain mycotoxins are established human carcinogens, whereas for others research suggests potential carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary exposure to mycotoxins and hepatobiliary cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. EPIC questionnaire data were matched to mycotoxin food occurrence data compiled by the European Food Safety Authority to assess long-term dietary mycotoxin exposure (expressed as \u03bcg\/kg body weight\/day) and then relate them to the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 255) and biliary tract cancers (n = 273). Analyses were conducted using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Key food groups contributing to mycotoxin exposure were cereals and cereal-based products, vegetables, non-alcoholic beverages (including fruit juices) and fruits. Estimated intake of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives was positively associated with HCC risk (HR<jats:sub>T3vsT1<\/jats:sub>: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.18\u20133.05, <jats:italic>p-<\/jats:italic>trend &lt;0.01). No statistically significant associations were found for the other mycotoxins. Further research to confirm our observations and investigate potential underlying mechanisms of these compounds is warranted. These data may provide evidence of HCC risks associated with higher dietary intake levels of DON, which has not yet been classified as a human carcinogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T18:30:48Z","timestamp":1734373848000},"page":"e0315561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Associations between dietary mycotoxins exposures and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a European cohort"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Inge","family":"Huybrechts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5989-5414","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Inarie","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carine","family":"Biessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0442-3284","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elom K.","family":"Aglago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0573-1852","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mazda","family":"Jenab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liesel","family":"Claeys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0640-5562","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiri","family":"Zavadil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Casagrande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7871-7149","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Genevieve","family":"Nicolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghislaine","family":"Scelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Altieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Fervers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle P.","family":"Oswald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6379-1741","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julien","family":"Vignard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7238-1469","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bernadette","family":"Chimera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Santucci de","family":"Magistris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Masala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Palli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9609-3681","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lisa","family":"Padroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6396-7265","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Castilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Zabala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7435-5125","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pauline","family":"Frenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca Romana","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Sonestedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Vineis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6517-1300","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alicia","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e5rten","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Molina-Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina C.","family":"Dahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3474-9346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fie","family":"Langmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9637-3869","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magritt","family":"Brustad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guri","family":"Skeie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias B.","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Agudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Sieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Korenjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc J.","family":"Gunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2160-7253","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah","family":"De Saeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6151-5126","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marthe","family":"De Boevre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0315561.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyaa130","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of incidence and mortality of primary liver cancer in 185 countries: evidence from GLOBOCAN 2018","volume":"50","author":"R. Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref002","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S61146","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma: a review","volume":"3","author":"J Balogh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hepatocell Carcinoma"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8040094","article-title":"Natural Co-Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Foods and Feeds and Their in vitro Combined Toxicological Effects","volume":"8","author":"MC Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.03.064","article-title":"Co-occurrence and risk assessment of mycotoxins in food and diet from Mediterranean area","volume":"135","author":"AB Serrano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.02.016","article-title":"Human exposure to mycotoxins and their masked forms through cereal-based foods in Belgium","volume":"218","author":"M De Boevre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.02.040","article-title":"Airborne molds and mycotoxins associated with handling of corn silage and oilseed cakes in agricultural environment","volume":"44","author":"C Lanier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref008","unstructured":"Food AOotUN. The State of Food and Agriculture 1994. Rome, Italy 1994."},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref009","unstructured":"Dietary-related Exposure Assessments in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort: an integrated multi-tiered approach using the FoodEx2 classification system. In submission."},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3101","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1700759114","article-title":"Mutational spectra of aflatoxin B(1) in vivo establish biomarkers of exposure for human hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"114","author":"S Chawanthayatham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.03.024","article-title":"Genetic Features of Aflatoxin-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"153","author":"W Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.220038.116","article-title":"Genome-scale mutational signatures of aflatoxin in cells, mice, and human tumors","volume":"27","author":"MN Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref013","first-page":"1","article-title":"Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene","volume":"82","author":"IWGotEoCRt Humans","year":"2002","journal-title":"IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2014.03.005","article-title":"In vitro investigation of toxicological interactions between the fusariotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone","volume":"84","author":"F Bensassi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12665","article-title":"Review article: fungal microbiota and digestive diseases","volume":"39","author":"ZK Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2015.07.003","article-title":"Dietary mycotoxins, co-exposure, and carcinogenesis in humans: Short review","volume":"766","author":"K De Ruyck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12567","article-title":"Mycotoxin exposure and human cancer risk: A systematic review of epidemiological studies","volume":"19","author":"L Claeys","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.02.053","article-title":"A model of interaction: aflatoxins and hepatitis viruses in liver cancer aetiology and prevention","volume":"286","author":"CP Wild","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.09-0122","article-title":"Metabolic conversion of zearalenone to alpha-zearalenol by goat tissues","volume":"72","author":"M Dong","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2009.07.020","article-title":"Pathway of deoxynivalenol-induced apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells","volume":"264","author":"F Bensassi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02474.x","article-title":"Aflatoxin genotoxicity is associated with a defective DNA damage response bypassing p53 activation","volume":"31","author":"O Gursoy-Yuzugullu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref022","unstructured":"Research WCRFAIfC. Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: a Global Perspective. Continuous Update Project Expert Report 2018.: Available at dietandcancerreport.org; 2018"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9129","article-title":"Fumonisin B1 promotes aflatoxin B1 and N-methyl-N\u2019-nitro-nitrosoguanidine-initiated liver tumors in rainbow trout","volume":"172","author":"DB Carlson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7110571","article-title":"Mycotoxins in Flanders\u2019 Fields: Occurrence and Correlations with Fusarium Species in Whole-Plant Harvested Maize","volume":"7","author":"J Vandicke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24328","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24328","article-title":"Aflatoxin B1 contamination in maize in Europe increases due to climate change","volume":"6","author":"P Battilani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00348","article-title":"Effect of climate change on Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 production","volume":"5","author":"A Medina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.02.005","article-title":"Climate change and food safety: an emerging issue with special focus on Europe","volume":"47","author":"M Miraglia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2002394","article-title":"European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): study populations and data collection","volume":"5","author":"E Riboli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035580","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1035580","article-title":"Characterization of the degree of food processing in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition: Application of the Nova classification and validation using selected biomarkers of food processing","volume":"9","author":"I Huybrechts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602679","article-title":"The EPIC nutrient database project (ENDB): a first attempt to standardize nutrient databases across the 10 European countries participating in the EPIC study","volume":"61","author":"N Slimani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref031","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International classification of diseases for oncology (ICD-O). 3rd, 1st revision ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/standards\/classifications\/other-classifications\/international-classification-of-diseases-for-oncology"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal statistical society: series B (Methodological)"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref033","first-page":"e04902","article-title":"Human and animal dietary exposure to ergot alkaloids","volume":"15","author":"EFS Authority","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref034","first-page":"e06113","article-title":"Risk assessment of ochratoxin A in food","volume":"18","author":"oCitF Chain EPanel","year":"2020","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref035","first-page":"e06040","article-title":"Risk assessment of aflatoxins in food","volume":"18","author":"oCitF Chain EPanel","year":"2020","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref036","unstructured":"GEMS \/ Food-EURO Second Workshop on Reliable Evaluation of Low-Level Contamination of Food Report on a Workshop in the Frame of GEMS \/ Food-EURO Kulmbach 1999. Available from: https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/GEMS-Food-EURO-Second-Workshop-on-Reliable-of-of-on\/7d5162794a407ce3361458649750a63b6bda3381"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref037","first-page":"e04718","article-title":"Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed","volume":"15","author":"oCitF Chain EPanel","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref038","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in food and feed","volume":"9","author":"EPoCitF Chain","year":"2011","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3262","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2013.3262","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed","volume":"11","author":"EPoCitF Chain","year":"2013","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref040","first-page":"e05172","article-title":"Appropriateness to set a group health-based guidance value for fumonisins and their modified forms","volume":"16","author":"oCitF Chain EPanel","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref041","first-page":"e05367","article-title":"Risk to human and animal health related to the presence of 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol in food and feed","volume":"16","author":"oCitF Chain EPanel","year":"2018","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2011.2197","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on the risks for public health related to the presence of zearalenone in food","volume":"9","author":"EPoCitF Chain","year":"2011","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3254","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2013.3254","article-title":"Scientific Opinion on the risk for public and animal health related to the presence of sterigmatocystin in food and feed","volume":"11","author":"EPoCitF Chain","year":"2013","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2016.05.002","article-title":"Aflatoxin B1 induces persistent epigenomic effects in primary human hepatocytes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"350","author":"L Rieswijk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref045","first-page":"e04718","article-title":"Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed","volume":"15","author":"HK Knutsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Efsa j"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2061300","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol-induced proinflammatory gene expression: mechanisms and pathological sequelae","volume":"2","author":"JJ Pestka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00007","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00007-17","article-title":"The food contaminant deoxynivalenol exacerbates the genotoxicity of gut microbiota","volume":"8","author":"D Payros","year":"2017","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins6051615","article-title":"Effect of deoxynivalenol and other Type B trichothecenes on the intestine: a review","volume":"6","author":"P Pinton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200800475","article-title":"Potential of deoxynivalenol to induce transcription factors in human hepatoma cells","volume":"53","author":"C Nielsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecular nutrition & food research"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2022.112930","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol induces apoptosis and inflammation in the liver: Analysis using precision-cut liver slices","volume":"163","author":"AL Hasuda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2014.12.017","article-title":"The food born mycotoxin deoxynivalenol induces low-grade inflammation in mice in the absence of observed-adverse effects","volume":"232","author":"C Tardivel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicology letters"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3920\/WMJ2016.2094","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol in the liver and lymphoid organs of rats: effects of dose and duration on immunohistological changes","volume":"10","author":"A Bracarense","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Mycotoxin Journal"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.07.018","article-title":"Effects of chronic deoxynivalenol exposure on p53 heterozygous and p53 homozygous mice","volume":"96","author":"G Bondy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2015.03.003","article-title":"Cytotoxic effects and degradation products of three mycotoxins: Alternariol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol in liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells","volume":"235","author":"A Juan-Garc\u00eda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicology letters"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.05.023","article-title":"New insights into mycotoxin mixtures: The toxicity of low doses of Type B trichothecenes on intestinal epithelial cells is synergistic","volume":"272","author":"I Alassane-Kpembi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicology and applied pharmacology"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-016-1902-9","article-title":"Co-exposure to low doses of the food contaminants deoxynivalenol and nivalenol has a synergistic inflammatory effect on intestinal explants","volume":"91","author":"I Alassane-Kpembi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Archives of toxicology"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.153280","article-title":"The foodborne contaminant deoxynivalenol exacerbates DNA damage caused by a broad spectrum of genotoxic agents","volume":"820","author":"M Garofalo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science of the total environment"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120625","article-title":"A novel toxic effect of foodborne trichothecenes: The exacerbation of genotoxicity","volume":"317","author":"M Garofalo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref059","volume-title":"Nutritional epidemiology","author":"Oxford university press","year":"2012","edition":"3"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23526-9","article-title":"Humans significantly metabolize and excrete the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol and its modified form deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside within 24 hours","volume":"8","author":"A Vidal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105539","article-title":"Mycotoxin exposure assessments in a multi-center European validation study by 24-hour dietary recall and biological fluid sampling","volume":"137","author":"K De Ruyck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"pone.0315561.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.109350","article-title":"A review of recent innovative strategies for controlling mycotoxins in foods","volume":"144","author":"GM Hamad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Control"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0315561","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T18:31:33Z","timestamp":1734373893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0315561"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Samuel Adelani","family":"Babarinde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0315561","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]}}}