{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T05:37:13Z","timestamp":1734500233166,"version":"3.30.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hysteresis refers to a physical phenomenon in which the response or state of a system depends on both the input variable and its history. Hysteresis phenomena are also observed in biological systems and have been described for the sensorimotor system. The aim of the present study was to determine whether hysteresis phenomena can also be detected in trunk muscles during isometric load-varying situations. To this end, 40 healthy individuals (19 women) were subjected to isometric tests, where the applied load was systematically altered by complete rotations of the entire body in the Earth\u2019s gravitational field. The study was conducted with 25%, 50%, and 75% of the upper body weight. Additionally, we varied the starting point (forward tilt and backward tilt) and the direction of rotation. The activity of a total of six trunk muscles was recorded using surface EMG (sEMG). The sEMG amplitudes were compared between the phases of increasing and decreasing load levels for each test situation. Hysteresis behavior was observed in all examined muscles, with the movement half-phase with increasing load showing higher amplitudes than the half-phase with decreasing load. However, this was consistently verifiable only for the multifidus muscle. For the abdominal muscles, the longissimus, and the iliocostalis muscle, the occurrence of hysteresis depended on the starting position: it could only be demonstrated if the starting point was chosen to correspond with the muscles\u2019 main force direction. Thus, only the multifidus muscle exhibits a situation-independent hysteresis, whereas all other examined trunk muscles only show this phenomenon if subjected to load already at a loading situation. This indicates a physiologically determined functional weakness for load impacts on primarily unloaded muscles, posing a potential injury risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T18:39:43Z","timestamp":1734460783000},"page":"e0315813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Studies on the hysteresis of trunk muscles\u2014Muscular specificities must be taken into account"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5580-5338","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christoph","family":"Anders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Rosenow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0315813.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32910-7","volume-title":"Physiologie des Menschen: mit Pathophysiologie","author":"RF Schmidt","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0315813.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.10.010","article-title":"Time dependent spine stability: The wise old man and the six blind elephants.","volume":"26","author":"M. Solomonow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0315813.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(03)00045-2","article-title":"Muscular dysfunction elicited by creep of lumbar viscoelastic tissue.","volume":"13","author":"M Solomonow","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0315813.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198203000-00005","article-title":"Flexion Creep Deformation and Hysteresis in the Lumbar Vertebral Column.","volume":"7","author":"L Twomey","year":"1982","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0315813.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100050402","article-title":"Mechanical behavior of the human lumbar spine. I. Creep analysis during static compressive loading","volume":"5","author":"TS Keller","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"sup146","key":"pone.0315813.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/ort.1972.43.suppl-146.01","article-title":"Dynamic Response Characteristics of the Human Vertebral Column: An Experimental Study on Human Autopsy Specimens.","volume":"43","author":"L. Kazarian","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0315813.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10318","article-title":"Neuromuscular dysfunction elicited by cyclic lumbar flexion","volume":"27","author":"LN Claude","year":"2003","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0315813.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(03)00166-9","article-title":"Repeated spinal flexion modulates the flexion-relaxation phenomenon.","volume":"18","author":"JP Dickey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0315813.ref009","first-page":"331","article-title":"Human motor unit activity during concentric and eccentric movements","volume":"40","author":"P Christova","year":"2000","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0315813.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2006.11.006","article-title":"Comparison of electromyographic activity during eccentrically versus concentrically loaded isometric contractions.","volume":"18","author":"JC Garner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0315813.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199212000-00002","article-title":"The stabilizing system of the spine. Part II. Neutral zone and instability hypothesis","volume":"5","author":"MM Panjabi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of spinal disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0315813.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199212000-00001","article-title":"The stabilizing system of the spine. Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement.","volume":"5","author":"MM Panjabi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of spinal disorders"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0315813.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12229","article-title":"Influence of different control strategies on muscle activation patterns in trunk muscles.","volume":"2","author":"L Hansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiological reports."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0315813.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.02.016","article-title":"Re-evaluation of the amplitude-force relationship of trunk muscles","volume":"48","author":"A Huebner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of biomechanics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315813.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03597-4","article-title":"The reliability of a restraint sensor system for the computer-supported detection of spinal stabilizing muscle deficiencies.","volume":"21","author":"C Pfeifle","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC musculoskeletal disorders."},{"key":"pone.0315813.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2024.102947","article-title":"Reliability of sEMG data of back muscles during static submaximal loading situations \u2212 Values and pitfalls","volume":"79","author":"L Mader","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0315813.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00027-4","article-title":"Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures","volume":"10","author":"HJ Hermens","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315813.ref018","first-page":"51","article-title":"Muscle fibre orientation of abdominal muscles and suggested surface EMG electrode positions","volume":"38","author":"JK Ng","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"pone.0315813.ref019","unstructured":"SENIAM. [01.09.2011]. Available from: www.seniam.org."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315813.ref020","first-page":"40","article-title":"Quantification of artefacts in surface EMG by validating the lower frequency limit in clinico-physiologic studies.","volume":"22","author":"C Anders","year":"1991","journal-title":"EEG-EMG Zeitschrift fur Elektroenzephalographie, Elektromyographie und verwandte Gebiete."},{"key":"pone.0315813.ref021","unstructured":"M\u00f6rl F, Anders C, Grassme R. An easy and robust method for ECG artifact elimination of SEMG signals. XVII Congress of the International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology Aalborg: Omnipress; 2010."},{"key":"pone.0315813.ref022","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"S. Holm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Statist"},{"key":"pone.0315813.ref023","first-page":"22","volume-title":"Multiple Tests und Auswahlverfahren.","author":"M Horn","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0315813.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2004.08.008","article-title":"New concepts of multiple tests and their use for evaluating high-dimensional EEG data","volume":"142","author":"C Hemmelmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of neuroscience methods"},{"key":"pone.0315813.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2018.06.012","article-title":"Main force directions of trunk muscles: A pilot study in healthy male subjects.","volume":"60","author":"C Anders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Movement Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl. 230","key":"pone.0315813.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678909154177","article-title":"Stability of the lumbar spine. A study in mechanical engineering.","volume":"60","author":"A. Bergmark","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315813.ref027","first-page":"21","article-title":"Strength versus stability: Part 1: Concept and terms.","volume":"43","author":"SGT Gibbons","year":"2001","journal-title":"Orth Div Rev"},{"issue":"March\/April","key":"pone.0315813.ref028","first-page":"28","article-title":"Strength versus stability: Part 2: Limitations and benefits.","author":"SGT Gibbons","year":"2001","journal-title":"Orth Div Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0315813.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200004150-00009","article-title":"Muscle response pattern to sudden trunk loading in healthy individuals and in patients with chronic low back pain","volume":"25","author":"A Radebold","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0315813.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00307824","article-title":"European Spine Society\u2014the AcroMed Prize for Spinal Research 1995. Unexpected load and asymmetric posture as etiologic factors in low back pain","volume":"5","author":"ML Magnusson","year":"1996","journal-title":"European spine journal: official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0315813","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T18:40:03Z","timestamp":1734460803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0315813"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Holakoo","family":"Mohsenifar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0315813","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]}}}