{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:50:37Z","timestamp":1783651837249,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that affects both livestock and humans. Men and women in pastoralist communities are vulnerable to RVF risk exposure because of their different roles and reliance on livestock products. This study sought to understand how ownership and decision-making in pastoralist male and female-headed households influence coping mechanisms and resilience to Rift Valley fever (RVF), using the three resilience capacities of absorptive, adaptive, and transformative. This study was conducted in two sub-counties (Garbatulla) and Merti), Isiolo County, Kenya. Data were collected through 16 focus group discussions and 13 key informant interviews with pastoralists and animal and human health stakeholders. The findings indicate that traditionally, men have the final say on decisions related to livestock ownership and make overall household decisions. Pastoralist men and women employ different approaches, including hygiene practices and mosquito nets, community knowledge dissemination, establishment of new businesses, utilization of healthcare, and indigenous medicines, to reduce the effects of RVF in both humans and livestock. They also collaborated with community disease surveillance initiatives to strengthen disease surveillance networks and gain access to county government support. This process fosters resilience, community empowerment, and transformative and sustainable adaptation responses to RVF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T18:46:02Z","timestamp":1738089962000},"page":"e0316015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["\u201cWithout a man\u2019s decision, nothing works\u201d: Building resilience to Rift Valley fever in pastoralist communities in Isiolo Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4237-812X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Irene N.","family":"Mutambo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Bett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salome A.","family":"Bukachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0316015.ref001","article-title":"Gendered Intra-Household Decision-Making Dynamics in Agricultural Innovation Processes: Assets, Norms, and Bargaining.","author":"R Shibata","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int Dev."},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-75387-2_114","article-title":"Rift valley fever.","author":"S Ben Yahia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intraocular Inflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316015.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-018-0110-1","article-title":"Rift Valley Fever Virus\u2014How and Where Virus Is Maintained During Inter-epidemic Periods.","volume":"6","author":"M Kariuki Njenga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Clin Microbiol Reports."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316015.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0387","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of a rift valley fever outbreak in humans and livestock in Kenya, 2018","volume":"103","author":"A Hassan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"24","key":"pone.0316015.ref005","article-title":"Pastoralists \u2018 perceptions on the impact of Rift valley fever disease following an outbreak in North Eastern Kenya.","volume":"12","author":"CM Mburu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pastor Res Policy Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316015.ref006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lay perceptions of risk factors for Rift Valley fever in a pastoral community in northeastern Kenya.","volume":"16","author":"CM Ng\u2019ang\u2019a","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316015.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008100","article-title":"Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, q-fever and rift valley fever in humans and livestock in Somali region, Ethiopia.","volume":"15","author":"M Ibrahim","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818003242","article-title":"Association between Rift Valley fever virus seroprevalences in livestock and humans and their respective intra-cluster correlation coefficients, Tana River County, Kenya.","volume":"147","author":"B Bett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0316015.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006412","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of Rift Valley fever in humans and animals from Kabale district in Southwestern Uganda, 2016.","volume":"12","author":"L Nyakarahuka","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316015.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005405","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005405","article-title":"Ethnic groups\u2019 knowledge, attitude and practices and Rift Valley fever exposure in Isiolo County of Kenya.","volume":"11","author":"H Affognon","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0316015.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0172626","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172626","article-title":"Effects of flood irrigation on the risk of selected zoonotic pathogens in an arid and semi-arid area in the eastern Kenya.","volume":"12","author":"B Bett","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316015.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v81i1.780","article-title":"Perceived risk factors and risk pathways of Rift Valley fever in cattle in Ijara district, Kenya","volume":"81","author":"NO Owange","year":"2014","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316015.ref013","first-page":"21","article-title":"Adaptive and Coping Mechanisms of Pastoralists in Dry Land Ecosystem and Their Implications on Rift Valley Fever Control in.","volume":"5","author":"Muga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Nov Res Humanit Soc Sci"},{"issue":"100685","key":"pone.0316015.ref014","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rift valley fever and COVID-19 outbreak in Kenya: A double whammy.","volume":"19","author":"Mehmood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethics, Med Public Heal [Internet]."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316015.ref015","article-title":"The concomitant viral epidemics of Rift Valley fever and COVID-19: A lethal combination for Kenya.","volume":"52","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop Doct."},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref016","unstructured":"WHO Afriacan Region. Weekly Bulletin on Outbreaks and Other Emergencies. Nigeria; 2024.https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/375935"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316015.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pclm.0000279","article-title":"Gender relations and decision-making on climate change adaptation in rural East African households: A qualitative systematic review.","volume":"3","author":"Niemann","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Clim"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0316015.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1080\/00220388.2019.1650169","article-title":"What does it Mean to Make a \u2018 Joint \u2018 Decision? Unpacking Intra-household Decision Making in Agriculture: Implications for Policy and Practice.","volume":"56","author":"M. Acosta","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dev Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316015.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572117737428","article-title":"Men Are in Front at Eating Time, but Not When It Comes to Rearing the Chicken\u201d: Unpacking the Gendered Benefits and Costs of Livestock Ownership in Kenya","volume":"39","author":"Dumas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bu."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316015.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/14735903.2023.2220929","article-title":"Who claims the rights to livestock? Gendered patterns of asset holdings in smallholder households in Uganda.","volume":"21","author":"Hillesland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Agric Sustain"},{"issue":"100731","key":"pone.0316015.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2023.100731","article-title":"Addressing gender inequalities and strengthening women \u2018 s agency to create more climate-resilient and sustainable food systems.","volume":"40","author":"Bryan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob Food Sec"},{"issue":"56","key":"pone.0316015.ref022","first-page":"77","article-title":"Women in Pastoral Societies and the in Kiliso, Tanzania.","author":"LW Massoi","year":"2018","journal-title":"African Study Monogr Suppl Issue."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316015.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/14735903.2023.2241283","article-title":"Preparing for, coping with and bouncing back after shocks. A nuanced resilience assessment for smallholder farms and farmers in Northern Ghana.","volume":"21","author":"Michalscheck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Agric Sustain"},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref024","author":"B Eba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gender and One Health context analysis for HEAL"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316015.ref025","first-page":"43","article-title":"Gendered Perspectives on Smallholder Cattle Production and Health Management in Three Sites in Tanzania.","volume":"2","author":"G Alessandra","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gender, Agric Food Secur."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0316015.ref026","first-page":"12","article-title":"Milk handling practices and consumption behavior among Borana pastoralists in southern Ethiopia.","volume":"38","author":"K Amenu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref027","unstructured":"Steinbach D, Kaur N, Manuel C, Saigal S, Agrawal A, Panjiyar A, et al. Building resilience to climate change MGNREGS, drought and flooding in Odisha. London; 2017."},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0316015.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259368","article-title":"Absorptive capacity facilitates adaptation to novel environmental disasters.","volume":"16","author":"Cheong","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref029","author":"Liru","year":"2021","journal-title":"Building Resilience: The Gendered Effect of Climate Change on Food Security and Sovereignty in Kakamega-Kenya."},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref030","unstructured":"Isiolo County. Isiolo county intergrated development plan,CIDP 2018\u20132022 [Internet]. Isiolo; 2018. Available from: https:\/\/repository.kippra.or.ke\/handle\/123456789\/1409"},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref031","unstructured":"KNBS. 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census: Volume II. Vol. II. Nairobi; 2019. https:\/\/www.knbs.or.ke\/download\/2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-ii-distribution-of-population-by-administrative-units\/"},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref032","volume-title":"United States of America","author":"JW Creswell","edition":"5"},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref033","volume-title":"Focus group discussion: A practical guide for applied research","author":"Krueger","year":"2015"},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203083604","volume-title":"Women, Livestock Ownership and Markets: Bridging the gender gap in Eastern and Southern Africa.","author":"J Njuki","year":"2013","edition":"1"},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref035","article-title":"Bargaining \u2018 \u2018 and Gender Relations: Within and Beyond the Household","volume":"5701","author":"B. Agarwal","year":"2011"},{"issue":"257","key":"pone.0316015.ref036","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing the effects of mosquito nets on malaria mortality using a space time model: a case study of Rufiji and Ifakara Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites in rural Tanzania.","volume":"15","author":"Selemani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"issue":"139","key":"pone.0316015.ref037","first-page":"1","article-title":"The One Health Approach is Necessary for the Control of Rift Valley Fever Infections in Egypt: A Comprehensive Review.","volume":"11","author":"Fawzy","year":"2019","journal-title":"MDPI Viruses."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0316015.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009781","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-009781","article-title":"Bargaining and gendered authority: a framework to understand household decision-making about childhood vaccines in the Philippines","volume":"7","author":"J Wachinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Heal"},{"issue":"476","key":"pone.0316015.ref039","first-page":"1","article-title":"Household practices related to disease transmission between animals and humans in rural Cambodia.","volume":"15","author":"K Osbjer","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316015.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191620","article-title":"Involving men to improve maternal and newborn health: A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions.","volume":"13","author":"Tokhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"139","key":"pone.0316015.ref041","first-page":"1","article-title":"Male\u2013female concordance in reported involvement of women in contraceptive decision\u2011making and its association with modern contraceptive use among couples in rural Maharashtra, India.","volume":"18","author":"Dixit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316015.ref042","article-title":"What do female-headed households \u2018 livelihood strategies in Jimma city, South west Ethiopia look like from the perspective of the sustainable livelihood approach? What do female-headed households \u2018 livelihood strategies in Jimma city, South west Ethiopia look like from the perspective of the sustainable livelihood approach?","volume":"8","author":"H Wondimu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cogent Soc Sci."},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref043","article-title":"Determinant factors of livelihood diversification: Evidence from Ethiopia.","volume":"26","author":"GW Kassie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogent Soc Sci"},{"key":"pone.0316015.ref044","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health services uptake among nomadic pastoralist populations in Africa: A systematic review of the literature.","author":"VM Gammino","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316015.ref045","first-page":"1","article-title":"Autonomy and couples \u2018 joint decision- making in healthcare.","volume":"19","author":"Osamor","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med Ethics."},{"issue":"April","key":"pone.0316015.ref046","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"T Gannaway","year":"2022","journal-title":"Using Outcome Mapping to Mobilize Critical Stakeholders for a Gender Responsive Rift Valley Fever and Newcastle Disease Vaccine Value Chain in Rwanda"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316015.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7030086","article-title":"A qualitative study on gendered barriers to livestock vaccine uptake in kenya and uganda and their implications on rift valley fever control","volume":"7","author":"E Mutua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccines"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T18:46:23Z","timestamp":1738089983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316015"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Akter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316015","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]}}}