{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T12:28:39Z","timestamp":1781008119996,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019649","name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Development and Regeneration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["no. 2024MS080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. 2024MS080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019649","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is a common issue in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET). Prior to transfer, uterine endometrial receptivity of FET patients can be assessed using multimodal transvaginal ultrasound indicators to predict the success rate of the current FET cycle. Endometrial blood flow is a crucial element in evaluating endometrial receptivity. MV-FLOW<jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup> is an advanced two-dimensional superb microvascular imaging technology that can detect and display blood flow in micro-vessels. The data for this study were obtained from an ongoing cross-sectional study comprising 323 RIF patients and 323 first implantation (FI) patients, who underwent transvaginal ultrasound before FET. We collected basic clinical data and multimodal ultrasound data from these patients as predictive features, with clinical pregnancy as the predictive label, for model training. Based on the above, this study aims to establish and validate a clinical prediction model for FET outcomes using support vector classification (SVC) algorithms, based on MV-FLOW<jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup> and multidimensional transvaginal ultrasound imaging features. The objective is to determine the predictive role of multimodal transvaginal ultrasound in embryo transfer outcomes and provide evidence for the clinical application of MV-FLOW<jats:sup>\u2122<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>Trial registration:<\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>Trial Registration<\/jats:italic>: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/hvshowproject.html?id=255438&amp;v=1.0\" xlink:type=\"simple\">ChiCTR2400086401<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T18:25:16Z","timestamp":1738607116000},"page":"e0316028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Utilizing MV-FLOW\u2122 and multidimensional ultrasound characteristics for prognosticating FET outcomes in RIF patients: Study Protocol for a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua-Ju","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Yuan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6787-0938","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0316028.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.06.045","article-title":"A new definition of recurrent implantation failure on the basis of anticipated blastocyst aneuploidy rates across female age","volume":"116","author":"B Ata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertility and sterility"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0316028.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.08.007","article-title":"Recurrent implantation failure in IVF: A Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"41","author":"T Shaulov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproductive biomedicine online"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0316028.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.09.014","article-title":"A review of the pathophysiology of recurrent implantation failure","volume":"116","author":"JM Franasiak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertility and sterility"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316028.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.07.002","article-title":"Rate of true recurrent implantation failure is low: results of three successive frozen euploid single embryo transfers","volume":"115","author":"P Pirtea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertility and sterility"},{"key":"pone.0316028.ref005","article-title":"Does the new definition of recurrent implantation failure have clinical relevance?","author":"R. 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