{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T07:36:29Z","timestamp":1751441789154,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The global rise in the elderly population brings attention to the pressing issue of elder abuse, categorized into physical, psychological, neglect, financial and sexual abuse. According to the World Health Organization (2022), one in six individuals aged 60 and older has experienced some form of abuse in community setting necessitating increase in awareness and support for older people. This study aimed to assess abuse and its associated factors among elderly population of Kamalamai Municipality of Sindhuli District, Nepal.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods. We collected data from June 15 to September 15, 2023. The study involved 398 elderly participants (\u226560 years). Stratified sampling techniques was used to select participants. For the qualitative study we utilized purposive sampling technique which included two key informant interviews, one in-depth interview and two focus group discussions. We analyzed quantitative data using IBM SPSS version 20 applying bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis at a 95% confidence interval. For qualitative data, thematic analysis was done.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean \u00b1 SD age of the elderly participants was (70.8\u00b1 8.08) years. Among the total of 398 study participants, (64.1%) participants reported experiencing different forms of abuse. The study found that neglect (46.0%), psychological abuse (42.5%), and financial abuse (24.4%) were the most common while physical abuse (4.8%) and sexual abuse (2.8%) were less common. Living in a nuclear family (AOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.67\u20134.51) and lower socio-economic status (AOR: 5.42, 95% CI: 2.28\u201312.92) were significantly associated with increase risk of elder abuse. Qualitative findings revealed mistreatment, vulnerability, negligence, economic factors, family dynamics, loneliness, financial exploitation, food withholding, physical abuse, and emotional attachment as key aspects of elder abuse.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study highlights neglect and psychological abuse were the most common forms of elder abuse. These findings emphasize the urgency of implementing programs at the municipal level such as financial support system for elderly individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and education programs for both elderly individuals and their families and caregivers. These initiatives aim to control and reduce the incidence of elder abuse and ensure comprehensive well-being of elderly population.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T18:47:35Z","timestamp":1737744455000},"page":"e0316078","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Abuse and its associated factors among elderly population of Kamalamai Municipality of Sindhuli District, Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5893-9340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jwala","family":"Subedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepak Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paras Kumar","family":"Pokharel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samyog","family":"Uprety","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Birendra Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3472-5187","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anisha","family":"K. C.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheetal","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samiksha","family":"Baral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0316078.ref001","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Ageing and health. 2023. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/ageing-and-health"},{"issue":"29","key":"pone.0316078.ref002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ageing: a global perspective","volume":"12","author":"A. Kalache","year":"1999","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316078.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3126\/pragya.v5i1.30432","article-title":"The Status of Elderly People in Nepal","volume":"5","author":"G. R. Aryal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Patan Pragya"},{"key":"pone.0316078.ref004","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Abuse of older people. 2023. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/abuse-of-older-people"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316078.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30006-2","article-title":"Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Y Yon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"pone.0316078.ref006","unstructured":"National Institute on Aging. Elder Abuse. https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/elder-abuse"},{"key":"pone.0316078.ref007","unstructured":"United Nations. World Population Ageing, 2019. worldpopulationageing2019.pdf. https:\/\/ngocoa-ny.org\/recent-documents-of-interes\/worldpopulationageing2019.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0316078.ref008","unstructured":"UNFPA Nepal. 2021. Senior Citizens Act. https:\/\/nepal.unfpa.org\/en\/publications\/senior-citizens-act"},{"key":"pone.0316078.ref009","unstructured":"Issues of Elderly Population in Nepal. http:\/\/www.sharing4good.org\/article\/issues-elderly-population-nepal"},{"key":"pone.0316078.ref010","unstructured":"Ageing Nepal: https:\/\/ageingnepal.org\/about-us"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316078.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.46405\/ejms.v2i2.221","article-title":"Abuse Experienced by Elderly Residing in a Community of Pokhara, Nepal","volume":"2","author":"P Bhandari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0316078.ref012","unstructured":"Kamalamai Municipality Profile | Facts & Statistics\u2013Nepal Archives. https:\/\/www.nepalarchives.com\/content\/kamalamai-municipality-sindhuli-profile\/"},{"key":"pone.0316078.ref013","unstructured":"Sample Size Calculator for Prevalence Studies. https:\/\/www.engineersedge.com\/calculators\/sample_size_calculator_for_prevalence_studies_14486.htm"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316078.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11417-0","article-title":"Prevalence of abuse among the elderly population of Syangja, Nepal","volume":"21","author":"SR Acharya","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"65","key":"pone.0316078.ref015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modification of Kuppuswamy\u2019s Socioeconomic Status Scale in the Context of Nepal, 2019","volume":"17","author":"SK Joshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ)"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316078.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02986-9","article-title":"Prevalence patterns and associated factors of elder abuse in an urban slum of eastern India","volume":"22","author":"P Chandanshive","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316078.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/08946566.2018.1471433","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of elder mistreatment in Singapore","volume":"30","author":"S Chokkanathan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Elder Abuse Negl"},{"key":"pone.0316078.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S360548","article-title":"A Community-Based Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study of Elder Abuse Perpetration or Victimization Among Elders in Ethiopia, 2022","volume":"17","author":"A Wolde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316078.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4103\/SHB.SHB_2_19","article-title":"Socioeconomic Inequality of Elder Abuse in Qazvin, Iran","volume":"2","author":"Z Hosseinkhani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Social Health Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316078.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02234-6","article-title":"Socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of violence against older adults\u2014findings from India","volume":"21","author":"D Sinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316078.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02933-8","article-title":"Experiences of elder abuse: a qualitative study among victims in Sweden","volume":"22","author":"M Ludvigsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0316078.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1108\/JAP-04-2020-0011","article-title":"Elder abuse in Ghana\u2013a qualitative exploratory study","volume":"22","author":"W Malmedal","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journal of Adult Protection"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T18:47:46Z","timestamp":1737744466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316078"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Chhabi Lal","family":"Ranabhat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316078","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]}}}