{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:14:55Z","timestamp":1782234895520,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000739","name":"University of Southampton","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000739","name":"University of Southampton","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000739","name":"University of Southampton","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000739","name":"University of Southampton","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The concept of \u2018resilience\u2019 is pervasive, permeating academic disciplines and political discourses. This paper considers (i) the construal of \u2018resilience\u2019 in the contexts of food insecurity and cost-of-living in governmental discourses in the United Kingdom (UK); (ii) to what extent the political representations are reflected in research funding calls of UK national funding bodies, thus showing possibility of shaping research agendas; and (iii) to what extent official uses of \u2018resilience\u2019 reflect lay understandings. We are combining a corpus-based discourse analysis of UK governmental discourses and research funding calls with a study of focus group discussions. Representations of \u2018resilience\u2019 are further compared with those available in general English corpora. We are observing a shift in the use of \u2018resilience\u2019: from an individual psychological attribute to a primarily socioeconomic and environmental characteristic. Funding calls construe resilience in relation to communities, reflecting economy and environment adaptability, whereas governmental discourses frame references to individuals in terms of \u2018vulnerability\u2019. Focus groups reveal divergent conceptions of \u2018resilience\u2019, which may lead to potential misunderstandings. While this variety of uses may be productive in political discourses for rhetorical purposes, there is a need for specificity in shaping research and in public-facing communications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T18:56:18Z","timestamp":1735930578000},"page":"e0316182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Being \u201cresilient\u201d and achieving \u201cresilience\u201d: From governmental discourses to the national research agenda in the contexts of food insecurity and cost of living"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5495-9386","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sara","family":"Vilar-Lluch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Clutterbuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0270-7136","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Kranert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dianna","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Nield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4134-8463","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nisreen A.","family":"Alwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316182.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/21693293.2013.765741","article-title":"Resilience as embedded neoliberalism: a governmentality approach","volume":"1","author":"J. Joseph","year":"2013","journal-title":"Resilience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316182.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/17524032.2015.1014390","article-title":"Resilience as discourse","volume":"10","author":"B. McGreavy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Communication"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316182.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1075\/etc.5.2.03jef","article-title":"Keywords in the press: A critical corpus-assisted analysis of ideology in the Blair years (1998\u20132007).","volume":"5","author":"L. Jeffries","year":"2012","journal-title":"English Text Construction"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511610295","volume-title":"Discourse","author":"J. Blommaert","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316182.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007068714468","article-title":"Beyond \u201cidentity","volume":"29","author":"R. Brubaker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Theory and Society"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1057\/978-1-137-56924-0","volume-title":"Coping and the Challenge of Resilience","author":"E. Frydenberg","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2015.03.018","article-title":"Four concepts for resilience and the implications for the future of resilience engineering","volume":"141","author":"D.D. Woods","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref008","article-title":"Cost of living latest insights","author":"Office for National Statistics (ONS)","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref009","article-title":"Rising cost of living in the UK. Research briefing","author":"B. Francis-Devine","year":"2024","journal-title":"House of Commons Library"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref010","article-title":"Families stuck in food insecurity are buying less fruit and veg as UK\u2019s health divide widens","author":"Food Foundation","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref011","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Critical Policy Discourse Analysis","author":"J. Mulderrig","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref012","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handbook of critical policy studies","author":"F. Fischer","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref013","author":"N. Fairclough","year":"1989","journal-title":"Language and Power. Essex: Longman"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref014","first-page":"175","volume-title":"The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis","author":"L. Flowerdew","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9781350933996","volume-title":"Using Corpora to Analyse Discourse","author":"P. Baker","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316182.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/0957926508088962","article-title":"A useful methodological synergy? Combining critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to examine discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press","volume":"19","author":"P. Baker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Discourse and Society"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139764377.013","volume-title":"The Cambridge Handbook of Corpus Linguistics","author":"A. Partington","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316182.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s40607-014-0009-9","article-title":"The Sketch Engine: ten years on","volume":"1","author":"A. Kilgarriff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lexicography"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316182.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0346-251X(97)00011-0","article-title":"PC analysis of key words\u2014and key key words","volume":"25","author":"M. Scott","year":"1997","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315179346-11","volume-title":"Corpus Approaches to Discourse: A critical review","author":"C. Gabrielatos","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139524773","volume-title":"Corpora in Applied Linguistics","author":"S. Hunston","year":"2002"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref022","first-page":"6","article-title":"A Lexicographer-Friendly Association Score","author":"P. Rychl\u00fd","year":"2008","journal-title":"RASLAN"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316987124","volume-title":"Focus Groups for the Social Science Researcher","author":"J. Cyr","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1037\/13620-004","volume-title":"APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol. 2. Research designs: Quantitativequalitative, neuropsychological, and biological","author":"V. Braun","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref025","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Handbook on Resilience of Socio-Technical Systems","author":"H. D. Hellige","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-21-1119-2021","article-title":"Review article: Towards a context-driven research: a state-of-the-art review of resilience research on climate change","volume":"21","author":"R. Ossewaarde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.22458","volume-title":"Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy and the Mechanical Arts","author":"T. A. Young","year":"1807"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107279995","volume-title":"A Practical Essay on the Strength of Cast Iron and Other Metals","author":"T. Tredgold","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-193212000-00028","volume-title":"The Wisdom of the Body","author":"WB Cannon","year":"1932"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0316182.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-19910901-05","article-title":"Resilience in children\u2019s adaptation to negative life events and stressed environments","volume":"20","author":"N. Garmezy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Paediatric Annals"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316182.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.1.20","article-title":"Loss, trauma, and human resilience: have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events?","volume":"59","author":"G. A. Bonanno","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316182.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2447","article-title":"Are adolescents with high mental toughness levels more resilient against stress?","volume":"29","author":"M. Gerber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stress and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316182.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.2003.00001.x","article-title":"Family resilience: a framework for clinical practice","volume":"42","author":"F. Walsh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Family Processes"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316182.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/08941920.2012.736605","article-title":"Community resilience: Toward an integrated approach","volume":"26","author":"F. Berkes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Society & natural resources"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316182.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158244014545464","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244014545464","article-title":"Conceptual frameworks and research models on resilience in leadership","volume":"4","author":"J. Ledesma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sage Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316182.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s11196-023-10000-7","article-title":"Property as an Asset of Resilience: Rethinking Ownership, Communities and Exclusion Through the Register of Resilience.","volume":"36","author":"L. Fox O\u2019Mahony","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal for the Semiotics of Law-Revue internationale de S\u00e9miotique juridique"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316182.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.04.110173.000245","article-title":"Resilience and stability of ecological systems","volume":"4","author":"C. S. Holling","year":"1973","journal-title":"Annual review of ecology and systematics"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref038","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Final Report","author":"S. Dekker","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316182.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/09613218.2014.862607","article-title":"Resilience engineering and the built environment","volume":"42","author":"E. Hollnagel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Building Research & Information"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316182.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1177\/0263395715614847","article-title":"Resilience and resilient in Obama\u2019s National Security Strategy 2010: Enter two \u2018political keywords\u2019.","volume":"37","author":"S. Selchow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Politics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316182.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.08.036","article-title":"Rights-based approaches to addressing food poverty and food insecurity in Ireland and UK","volume":"74","author":"E. A. Dowler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref042","article-title":"Food Insecurity Tracking","author":"Food Foundation","year":"2024"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.05.030","article-title":"Understanding the health and wellbeing challenges of the food banking system: A qualitative study of food bank users, providers and referrers in London","volume":"211","author":"C. Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0316182.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1177\/0308518X16658292","article-title":"Contested space: The contradictory political dynamics of food banking in the UK","volume":"48","author":"A. Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref045","volume-title":"Oxford Bibliographies","author":"G. DeVerteuil","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316182.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1177\/03091325231166398","article-title":"Health geographies II: Resilience, health and place","volume":"47","author":"J. Wiles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Progress in Human Geography"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref047","unstructured":"International Monetary Fund (IMF) (2021). World Economic Outlook: Recovery during a pandemic\u2014health concerns, supplies disruptions, and price pressures. Washington DC, October."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316182.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-020-01080-5","article-title":"Feeding the food insecure in Britain: learning from the 2020 COVID-19 crisis","volume":"12","author":"M. Barker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food security"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316182.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-020-01076-1","article-title":"Resilience of local food systems and links to food security\u2013A review of some important concepts in the context of COVID-19 and other shocks","volume":"12","author":"C. B\u00e9n\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food security"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2020.105104","article-title":"Equity as both a means and an end: Lessons for resilient food systems from COVID-19","volume":"136","author":"S. Klassen","year":"2020","journal-title":"World development"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-021-01532-y","article-title":"Shaping more resilient and just food systems: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic.","volume":"50","author":"A. Sanderson Bellamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2023.103107","article-title":"Revisiting the dimensions of rural resilience: The CoVid-19 pandemic","volume":"103","author":"S. McIntyre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Rural Studies"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0316182.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/14702541.2023.2237935","article-title":"Rural lives during COVID-19: crisis, resilience and redistributing societal risk","volume":"140","author":"J. Glass","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scottish Geographical Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0316182.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1108\/EOR-10-2023-0003","article-title":"How COVID-19 has exposed inequalities in the UK food system: The case of UK food and poverty.","volume":"1","author":"M. Power","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerald Open Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316182.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/geoj.12428","article-title":"Resilience and transformation: Lessons from the UK local food sector in the Covid\u201019 pandemic","volume":"188","author":"S. Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Geographical Journal"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref056","volume-title":"Language, Context and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social-Semiotic Perspective","author":"M.A.K. Halliday","year":"1985"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4324\/9780367076399-4","volume-title":"The Routledge Handbook of Corpus Linguistics","author":"T. McEnery","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref058","author":"V. Brezina","year":"2021","journal-title":"#LancsBox v. 6.x. [software package]"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref059","first-page":"99","volume-title":"A Practical Handbook of Corpus Linguistics","author":"Springer","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S2212-5671(14)00952-6","article-title":"The concept of vulnerability and resilience","volume":"18","author":"V. Proag","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Economics and Finance"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref061","volume-title":"Introduction to Functional Grammar","author":"M.A.K. Halliday","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316182.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acorp.2022.100037","article-title":"The reception of public health messages during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"3","author":"E. McClaughlin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Corpus Linguistics"},{"key":"pone.0316182.ref063","author":"S. Vilar-Lluch","year":"2024","journal-title":"The effects of modal value and imperative mood on self-predicted compliance to health guidance: the case of COVID-19"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T18:56:38Z","timestamp":1735930598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316182"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Laura Hannah","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316182","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]}}}