{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T14:31:00Z","timestamp":1781706660209,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["219792\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["219792\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The genus <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic> includes two major human pathogens: <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>meningitidis<\/jats:italic> causing bacterial meningitis\/septicemia and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> causing gonorrhoea. Mathematical models have been used to simulate their transmission and control strategies, and the recent observation of a meningococcal B (MenB) vaccine being partially effective against gonorrhoea has led to an increased modeling interest. Here we conducted a systematic review of the literature, focusing on studies that model vaccination strategies with MenB vaccines against <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic> incidence and antimicrobial resistance. Using journal, preprint, and grey literature repositories, we identified 52 studies that we reviewed for validity, model approaches and assumptions. Most studies showed a good quality of evidence, and the variety of approaches along with their different modeling angles, was assuring especially for gonorrhoea studies. We identified options for future research, including the combination of both meningococcal and gonococcal infections in studies to have better estimates for vaccine benefits, and the spill over of gonorrhoea infections from the heterosexual to the MSM community and vice versa. Cost-effectiveness studies looking at at-risk and the wider populations can then be used to inform vaccine policies on gonorrhoea, as they have for meningococcal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T19:27:15Z","timestamp":1735846035000},"page":"e0316184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A systematic review to identify research gaps in studies modeling MenB vaccinations against Neisseria infections"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2394-5301","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soeren","family":"Metelmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Donten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Segun","family":"Oke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzy","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Borrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Vivancos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Decraene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Pellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0316184.ref001","article-title":"The serogroup B meningococcal vaccine Bexsero elicits antibodies to Neisseria gonorrhoea","author":"Tan Semchenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref002","first-page":"3926","volume":"362018","author":"MV Humbert","journal-title":"Immunization with recombinant truncated Neisseria meningitidis -Macrophage Infectivity Potentiator (rT-Nm-MIP) protein induces murine antibodies that are cross-reactive and bactericidal for Neisseria gonorrhoeae."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316184.ref003","first-page":"53","article-title":"Mucosal approaches in Neisseria Vaccinology.","volume":"18","author":"O P\u00e9rez","year":"2009","journal-title":"VacciMonitor"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31449-6","article-title":"Effectiveness of a group B outer membrane vesicle meningococcal vaccine against gonorrhoea in New Zealand: a retrospective case-control study","author":"Petousis-Harris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S734","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx180.002","article-title":"Possible Impact of Wide-scale Vaccination Against Serogroup B Neisseria Meningitidis on Gonorrhea Incidence Rates in One Region of Quebec, Canada.","volume":"10","author":"J Longtin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases."},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0316184.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00812-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of a serogroup B outer membrane vesicle meningococcal vaccine against gonorrhoea: a retrospective observational study","volume":"22","author":"WE Abara","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316184.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1341","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac436","article-title":"Prevention of Neisseria gonorrhoeae With Meningococcal B Vaccine: A Matched Cohort Study in Southern California","volume":"76","author":"KJ Bruxvoort","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0316184.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2331742","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.31742","article-title":"Association of Group B Meningococcal Vaccine Receipt With Reduced Gonorrhea Incidence Among University Students.","volume":"6","author":"SG Robison","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316184.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.05.021","article-title":"4CMenB sustained vaccine effectiveness against invasive meningococcal B disease and gonorrhoea at three years post programme implementation","volume":"87","author":"B Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Infection"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316184.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8020219","article-title":"The neisseria gonorrhoeae vaccine candidate nhba elicits antibodies that are bactericidal, opsonophagocytic and that reduce gonococcal adherence to epithelial cells.","volume":"8","author":"EA Semchenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref011","author":"PHE","journal-title":"MenB vaccination: introduction from September 2015 2015"},{"issue":"9960","key":"pone.0316184.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60842-4","article-title":"Effect of a quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY glycoconjugate or a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine on meningococcal carriage: an observer-blind, phase 3 randomised clinical trial","volume":"384","author":"RC Read","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"23","key":"pone.0316184.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.03.034","article-title":"Introducing vaccination against serogroup B meningococcal disease: An economic and mathematical modelling study of potential impact","volume":"31","author":"H Christensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref014","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","author":"McKenzie Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70065-7","article-title":"Systematic reviews: CRD\u2019s guidance for undertaking reviews in health care.","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref016","article-title":"Contribution and quality of mathematical modeling evidence in World Health Organization guidelines: A systematic review.","volume":"39","author":"NC Lo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(90)90013-O","article-title":"A Gonorrhea Model Treating Sensitive and Resistant Strains in a Multigroup Population","volume":"98","author":"P Pinsky","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mathematical Biosciences"},{"issue":"SUPPL. 1","key":"pone.0316184.ref018","article-title":"The impact of the phase of an epidemic of sexually transmitted infection on the evolution of the organism","volume":"78","author":"KME Turner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316184.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi160","article-title":"Dynamic models of meningococcal carriage, disease, and the impact of serogroup C conjugate vaccination","volume":"162","author":"CL Trotter","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref020","first-page":"349","article-title":"Re-evaluating cost effectiveness of universal meningitis vaccination (Bexsero) in England: Modelling study.","volume":"10","author":"H Christensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ (Online)."},{"issue":"42","key":"pone.0316184.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.096","article-title":"Economic evaluation of meningococcal serogroup B childhood vaccination in Ontario","volume":"32","author":"HAT Tu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Canada. Vaccine"},{"issue":"19","key":"pone.0316184.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.020","article-title":"Epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of introducing vaccination against serogroup B meningococcal disease in France","volume":"34","author":"H Lecocq","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0316184.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0239926","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239926","article-title":"Epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of universal meningitis b vaccination among college students prior to college entry.","volume":"15","author":"GS Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316184.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2021.1876478","article-title":"Potential public health impact of a Neisseria meningitidis A, B, C, W, and Y pentavalent vaccine in the United States","volume":"134","author":"L Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medicine"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0316184.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1017\/S1446181113000047","article-title":"Modelling the effect of vaccination on the meningococcal b epidemic in new zealand","volume":"54","author":"JL Simpson","year":"2012","journal-title":"ANZIAM Journal"},{"issue":"47","key":"pone.0316184.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.08.007","article-title":"Modelling the impact of 4CMenB and MenACWY meningococcal combined vaccination strategies including potential 4CMenB cross-protection: An application to England","volume":"38","author":"E Beck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316184.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1080400","article-title":"Exploring the population-level impact of MenB vaccination via modeling: Potential for serogroup replacement.","volume":"12","author":"C Hogea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316184.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0642-2","article-title":"Fast and accurate dynamic estimation of field effectiveness of meningococcal vaccines.","volume":"14","author":"L Argante","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Medicine."},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0316184.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5603","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1996808","article-title":"Modeling the public health impact of different meningococcal vaccination strategies with 4CMenB and MenACWY versus the current toddler MenACWY National Immunization Program in Chile.","volume":"17","author":"MG Gra\u00f1a","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics."},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref030","first-page":"867","article-title":"Impact of MenAfriVac in nine countries of the African meningitis belt, 2010\u201315: an analysis of surveillance data.","volume":"172017","author":"CL Trotter"},{"issue":"29","key":"pone.0316184.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.04.004","article-title":"Epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of universal vaccination with Bexsero\u00ae to reduce meningococcal group B disease in Germany","volume":"34","author":"H Christensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316184.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-021-00573-w","article-title":"Public Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Routine Infant 4CMenB Vaccination in Germany to Prevent Serogroup B Invasive Meningococcal Disease.","volume":"11","author":"S Scholz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases and Therapy."},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0316184.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881300294X","article-title":"Modelled evaluation of multi-component meningococcal vaccine (Bexsero \u00ae) for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease in infants and adolescents in the UK.","volume":"142","author":"J Huels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0316184.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.23888","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against meningococcal B among Dutch infants.","volume":"9","author":"KB Pouwels","year":"2013","journal-title":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0316184.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1160177","article-title":"Vaccinating Italian infants with a new multicomponent vaccine (Bexsero\u00ae) against meningococcal B disease: A cost-effectiveness analysis.","volume":"12","author":"R Gasparini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316184.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-019-00275-4","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies for vaccination of adolescents against serogroup B IMD with the MenB-FHbp vaccine in Canada.","volume":"111","author":"M-C Breton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316184.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.11.076","article-title":"Modelling the cost-effectiveness of catch-up \u2018MenB\u2019 (Bexsero) vaccination in England.","volume":"35","author":"H Christensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref038","first-page":"141","article-title":"Combination Vaccine Against Invasive Meningococcal B and Pneumococcal Infections Potential Epidemiological and Economic Impact in The Netherlands.","author":"JM Bos","year":"2006"},{"issue":"11 November","key":"pone.0316184.ref039","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance among invasive Neisseria meningitidis isolates in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (2010\/11 to 2018\/19).","volume":"16","author":"L Willerton","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316184.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0904.020213","article-title":"Bacterial Resistance to Penicillin G by Decreased Affinity of Penicillin-Binding Proteins: A Mathematical Model","volume":"9","author":"L Temime","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0316184.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200110000-00001","article-title":"Experimental Gonococcal Urethritis and Reinfection with Homologous Gonococci in Male Volunteers.","volume":"28","author":"KA Schmidt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases."},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0316184.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009385","article-title":"Modelling response strategies for controlling gonorrhoea outbreaks in men who have sex with men in Australia","volume":"17","author":"Q Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316184.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818000092","article-title":"Current levels of gonorrhoea screening in MSM in Belgium may have little effect on prevalence: A modelling study","volume":"146","author":"J Buyze","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316184.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052738","article-title":"Identifying factors that lead to the persistence of imported gonorrhoeae strains: A modelling study.","volume":"93","author":"BB Hui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0316184.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab581","article-title":"A Gonococcal Vaccine Has the Potential to Rapidly Reduce the Incidence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection among Urban Men Who Have Sex with Men","volume":"225","author":"BB Hui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316184.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad165","article-title":"Rethinking Screening Intensity in Terms of Reducing Prevalence or Increasing Selection Pressure for the Emergence of Resistant Gonorrhea: A Modeling Study of Men Who Have Sex With Men in Belgium.","volume":"10","author":"A Tsoumanis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0316184.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005611","article-title":"Antibiotic-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Spread Faster with More Treatment, Not More Sexual Partners.","volume":"12","author":"SM Fingerhuth","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316184.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0881-x","article-title":"Detection of antibiotic resistance is essential for gonorrhoea point-of-care testing: A mathematical modelling study.","volume":"15","author":"SM Fingerhuth","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Medicine."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316184.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08200-4","article-title":"Projecting the development of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae from antimicrobial surveillance data: a mathematical modelling study.","volume":"23","author":"J Riou","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC infectious diseases"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-07544-9_4","article-title":"Modeling Gonorrhea in a Population with a Core Group.","author":"HW Hethcote","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gonorrhea Transmission Dynamics and Control"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0316184.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0020137","article-title":"The Role of Compensatory Mutations in the Emergence of Drug Resistance.","volume":"2","author":"A Handel","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref052","author":"JC Heijne","year":"2020","journal-title":"The impact of vaccination on Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance and prevalence in men who have sex with men: a mathematical modelling study"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0316184.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814002519","article-title":"Public health measures to control the spread of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men who have sex with men","volume":"143","author":"M Xiridou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0316184.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000480","article-title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Dual Antimicrobial Therapy for Gonococcal Infections Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Netherlands.","volume":"43","author":"M Xiridou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316184.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003077","article-title":"Adaptive guidelines for the treatment of gonorrhea to increase the effective life span of antibiotics among men who have sex with men in the United States: A mathematical modeling study.","volume":"17","author":"R Yaesoubi","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316184.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009842","article-title":"Evaluating spatially adaptive guidelines for the treatment of gonorrhea to reduce the incidence of gonococcal infection and increase the effective lifespan of antibiotics","volume":"18","author":"R Yaesoubi","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316184.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14670-z","article-title":"The potential public health impact of adolescent 4CMenB vaccination on Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in England: a modelling study.","volume":"23","author":"KJ Looker","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0316184.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002416","article-title":"Estimating the fitness cost and benefit of cefixime resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae to inform prescription policy: A modelling study.","volume":"14","author":"LK Whittles","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0316184.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1241","article-title":"Assessment of the Potential of Vaccination to Combat Antibiotic Resistance in Gonorrhea: A Modeling Analysis to Determine Preferred Product Characteristics","volume":"71","author":"LK Whittles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316184.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006748","article-title":"A dynamic power-law sexual network model of gonorrhoea outbreaks","volume":"15","author":"LK Whittles","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"issue":"36","key":"pone.0316184.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.07.015","article-title":"The potential impact of vaccination on the prevalence of gonorrhea","volume":"33","author":"AP Craig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06215.x","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: origin, evolution, and lessons learned for the future","volume":"1230","author":"M Unemo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0316184.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1071\/SH18235","article-title":"Agent-based modelling study of antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmission in men who have sex with men: Towards individualised diagnosis and treatment.","volume":"16","author":"AK Zienkiewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sexual Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316184.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050049","article-title":"Core groups, antimicrobial resistance and rebound in gonorrhoea in North America.","volume":"88","author":"CH Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0316184.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix450","article-title":"Impact of rapid susceptibility testing and antibiotic selection strategy on the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in Gonorrhea.","volume":"216","author":"AR Tuite","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref066","volume-title":"Resistance-minimizing strategies for introducing a novel antibiotic for gonorrhea treatment: a mathematical modeling study","author":"E Reichert","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316184.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051792","article-title":"Revised simulation model does not predict rebound in gonorrhoea prevalence where core groups are treated in the presence of antimicrobial resistance.","volume":"91","author":"MA Trecker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0316184.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3737","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.36221","article-title":"Potential impact of vaccination against Neisseria meningitidis on Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States: Results from a decision-analysis model.","volume":"10","author":"SA R\u00e9gnier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref069","article-title":"Estimating the population level impact of a gonococcal vaccine candidate: Predictions from a simple mathematical model","volume":"11","author":"KA Carey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0316184.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00744-1","article-title":"Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of gonorrhoea vaccination: an integrated transmission-dynamic health-economic modelling analysis","volume":"22","author":"LK Whittles","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0316184.ref071","article-title":"Exploring the benefits of molecular testing for gonorrhoea antibiotic resistance surveillance in remote settings.","volume":"10","author":"BB Hui","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316184.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001382","article-title":"Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Among US Men and Women, 2018.","volume":"48","author":"KM Kreisel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases."},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref073","first-page":"163","article-title":"A comparative study for cost-utility analysis methods: An application to a case study on multicomponent vaccine against Meningococcal B Disease.","volume":"2017","author":"P Landa","journal-title":"SIMULTECH 2017\u2014Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications."},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref074","author":"SMTN Padeniya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mathematical modelling to explore the role of the female-sex-worker-client interaction for gonorrhoea transmission and prevention among Australian heterosexuals"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref075","author":"UKHSA","year":"2022","journal-title":"National STI surveillance data\u2014Table 1"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref076","volume-title":"Gonorrhoea\u2014Annual Epidemiological Report for 2021","author":"ECDC","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref077","author":"CDC","year":"2023","journal-title":"National Overview of STDs, 2021"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref078","volume":"272022","author":"R Merrick","journal-title":"Antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhoea: the national public health response, England,"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref079","author":"UKHSA","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in England and Wales: Key findings from the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (GRASP 2021)."},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref080","author":"PHE","year":"2018","journal-title":"UK case of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with high-level resistance to azithromycin and resistance to ceftriaxone acquired abroad"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1314-9","article-title":"Population-level mathematical modeling of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic review.","author":"Niewiadomska","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Medicine."},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316184.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.2.515","article-title":"Meningococcal Meningitis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Model for the Epidemic Process","volume":"14","author":"PS Moore","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"28","key":"pone.0316184.ref083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.02.073","article-title":"Gonococcal vaccines: Public health value and preferred product characteristics; report of a WHO global stakeholder consultation, January 2019.","volume":"38","author":"SL Gottlieb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref084","author":"WHO","year":"2021","journal-title":"WHO preferred product characteristics for gonococcal vaccines"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0316184.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00343-7","article-title":"We need estimates of gonorrhoea vaccine protection and symptomaticity by sex and anatomical site","volume":"22","author":"PJ White","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref086","author":"Dionne-Odom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Safety and Efficacy Study of Meningococcal Group B Vaccine rMenB+OMV NZ (Bexsero) to Prevent Gonococcal Infection."},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref087","article-title":"Efficacy of a Meningococcal B Vaccine Against Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infections Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: a Randomised-controlled Clinical Trial.","author":"Wong Kwan","year":"2023","journal-title":"https:\/\/clinicaltrialsgov\/study\/NCT05766904."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316184.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15516-y","article-title":"An open-label randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a meningococcal serogroup B (4CMenB) vaccine on Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in gay and bisexual men: the MenGO study protocol.","volume":"23","author":"C Thng","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0316184.ref089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1038\/d41591-023-00069-9","article-title":"GSK\u2019s gonorrhea vaccine receives fast-track designation to expedite clinical trials","volume":"29","author":"B. Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref090","author":"GlaxoSmithKline","year":"2023","journal-title":"Safety and Efficacy of GSK Neisseria Gonorrhoeae GMMA (NgG) Investigational Vaccine When Administered to Healthy Adults 18 to 50 Years of Age."},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref091","author":"JCVI","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCVI advice on the use of meningococcal B vaccination for the prevention of gonorrhoea."},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref092","author":"FAD","year":"2023","journal-title":"PENBRAYA: U.S. Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref093","author":"GSK","year":"2023","journal-title":"Effectiveness of GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals S.A\u2019s Meningococcal Group B and Combined ABCWY Vaccines in Healthy Adolescents and Young Adults"},{"key":"pone.0316184.ref094","year":"2024","journal-title":"CARB-X is funding Intravacc to develop a vaccine that prevents gonorrhea infections"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T19:27:52Z","timestamp":1735846072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316184"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Tizzoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316184","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]}}}