{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T13:56:20Z","timestamp":1792331780296,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["233613836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["233613836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["233613836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["233613836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["267205415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["267205415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["267205415"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["267205415"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010127","name":"J\u00fcrgen Manchot Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010127","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) are large interferon-inducible GTPases, executing essential host defense activities against <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>, an invasive intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite of global importance. <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> establishes a parasitophorous vacuole (PV) which shields the parasite from the host\u2019s intracellular defense mechanisms. Murine GBPs (mGBPs) recognize <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> PVs and assemble into supramolecular mGBP homo- and heterocomplexes that are required for the disruption of the membrane of PVs eventually resulting in the cell-autonomous immune control of vacuole-resident pathogens. We have previously shown that mGBP2 plays an important role in <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> immune control. Here, to unravel mGBP2 functions, we report Galectin-9 (Gal9) as a critical mGBP2 interaction partner engaged for immunity to <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>. Interestingly, Gal9 also accumulates and colocalizes with mGBP2 at the <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> PV. Furthermore, we could prove the requirement of Gal9 for growth control of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic> by CRISPR\/Cas9 mediated gene editing. These discoveries clearly indicate that Gal9 is a crucial factor for the mGBP2-coordinated cell-autonomous host defense mechanism against <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gondii<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T18:51:54Z","timestamp":1737744714000},"page":"e0316209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["mGBP2 engages Galectin-9 for immunity against Toxoplasma gondii"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Kravets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2448-0611","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gereon","family":"Poschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"H\u00e4nsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Raba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7734-3771","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Weidtkamp-Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6281-0357","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Degrandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"St\u00fchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5652-6330","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Klaus","family":"Pfeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316209.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3787","article-title":"Type 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