{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:21:20Z","timestamp":1778041280246,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000615","name":"Fight for Sight UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5212-5213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5212-5213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CS-2018-18-ST2-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS-2018-18-ST2-005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) are at a currently unpredictable risk of a blinding, often asymptomatic, co-existent eye disorder, anterior uveitis which requires prompt treatment. The unpredictability of this insidious disorder commits children with JIA to three-monthly expert clinical examinations in specialist eye centres often located far from their homes. Optical coherence tomography of the ocular anterior segment (AS-OCT) has been shown to be an acceptable, repeatable and sensitive modality for uveitis detection, but is not standard care. This feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to inform a future full-scale RCT comparing current routine practice (expert slit lamp examination, SLE) to AS-OCT for the surveillance of uveitis in children at risk. Eighty children aged between 2 and 12 years old and diagnosed with JIA within the preceding year will be included. Participants with an existing diagnosis of uveitis, other ocular co-morbidities or those unable to complete examinations or provide informed assent will be excluded. Participants will be randomised to SLE (control) or AS-OCT (intervention) examination at a frequency consistent with the current national programme for childhood uveitis surveillance. Children in the intervention arm will also have standard examination at 6 and 12 months after study entrance. Outcomes of interest will be feasibility (recruitment and attrition rates), clinical metrics (proportion diagnosed with uveitis or other ocular disorders at 12 months after study entrance), quality of life outcomes (PedsQL), and resource use. Additionally, comparative analysis of AS-OCT versus SLE (\u2018gold standard\u2019 reference testing) findings at 6 and 12 months for those in the intervention arm will provide the proof-of-concept data necessary to develop and undertake a larger scale trial. Trial registration: This trial has been registered with clinicaltrails.gov (\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01128790\" xlink:type=\"simple\">NCT05984758<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    ).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T13:41:14Z","timestamp":1739367674000},"page":"e0316410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["UVESCREEN1: A randomised feasibility study of imaging-based uveitis screening for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis- Study Protocol"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2420-3991","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sonali","family":"Dave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jugnoo S.","family":"Rahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Petrushkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Testi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dipesh E.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8933-5864","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ameenat Lola","family":"Solebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0316410.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.05.002","article-title":"Epidemiology and course of disease in childhood uveitis","volume":"116","author":"JA Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0316410.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13517","article-title":"Epidemiology of uveitis in urban Australia","volume":"47","author":"CT Hart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316410.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2013.855799","article-title":"The Manchester uveitis clinic: the first 3000 patients--epidemiology and casemix","volume":"23","author":"NP Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316410.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200107000-00005","article-title":"Chronic severe uveitis: etiology and visual outcome in 927 patients from a single center","volume":"80","author":"B Bodaghi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316410.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.80.4.332","article-title":"Causes and frequency of blindness in patients with intraocular inflammatory disease","volume":"80","author":"A Rothova","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0316410.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.12.1428","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of 246 adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: functional outcome","volume":"41","author":"JC Packham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"pone.0316410.ref007","article-title":"Rheum for improvement? delayed diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a narrative review","author":"A Costello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"pone.0316410.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2019.108322","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis","volume":"211","author":"ES Sen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"pone.0316410.ref009"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316410.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.07.052","article-title":"Risk factors for loss of visual acuity among patients with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: the systemic immunosuppressive therapy for eye diseases study","volume":"120","author":"AC 2nd Gregory","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"pone.0316410.ref011"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316410.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41530","article-title":"Imaging-based uveitis surveillance in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: feasibility, acceptability, and diagnostic performance","volume":"73","author":"S Akbarali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0316410.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2019.1640883","article-title":"Instrument-based tests for measuring anterior chamber cells in uveitis: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"X Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0316410.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-320448","article-title":"Quantitative and qualitative assessment of anterior segment optical coherence tomography capture of disease state in childhood anterior uveitis","volume":"107","author":"K Etherton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316410.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.1.9","article-title":"Establishing the normative data set necessary for imaging-based childhood uveitis surveillance: a cross-sectional study","volume":"65","author":"AL Solebo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316410.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583","article-title":"SPIRIT 2013 statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials","volume":"158","author":"A-W Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316410.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-023-01416-w","article-title":"A review of sample sizes for UK pilot and feasibility studies on the ISRCTN registry from 2013 to 2020","volume":"9","author":"N Totton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316410.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12344","article-title":"Assent for children\u2019s participation in research: why it matters and making it meaningful","volume":"42","author":"K Oulton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316410.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-017-0199-4","article-title":"Development of a consensus operational definition of child assent for research","volume":"18","author":"AR Tait","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med Ethics"},{"key":"pone.0316410.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.26689.2","article-title":"UNICORNS: uveitis in childhood prospective national cohort study protocol","volume":"9","author":"S Kellett","year":"2023","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0316410.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e746","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(24)00271-6","article-title":"Inclusive study design to better serve the needs of children and young people with rheumatological conditions","volume":"6","author":"AL Solebo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0316410.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004905","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-004905","article-title":"The Sight Loss and Vision Priority Setting Partnership (SLV-PSP): overview and results of the research prioritisation survey process","volume":"4","author":"F Rowe","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316410.ref023","first-page":"300","article-title":"Screening, monitoring, and treating children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis: visualizing better outcomes","volume":"50","author":"ST Angeles-Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0316410.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.09.018","article-title":"Ophthalmology workforce projections in the United States, 2020 to 2035","volume":"131","author":"ST Berkowitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0316410.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315551","article-title":"Vision loss in anterior uveitis","volume":"104","author":"HH Al-Ani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0316410.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2017.01.011","article-title":"Adult patients with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a retrospective review","volume":"52","author":"AM Kolomeyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0316410.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.07.007","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcome and causes of vision loss in patients with uveitis","volume":"121","author":"O Tomkins-Netzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0316410.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)02148-7","article-title":"Visual loss associated with pediatric uveitis in english primary and referral centers","volume":"135","author":"C Edelsten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316410","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T13:41:22Z","timestamp":1739367682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316410"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Steve","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316410","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.12.12.24318929","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]]}}}