{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T07:50:39Z","timestamp":1769241039224,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>) is a major pathogen associated conditions like septicaemia, respiratory disorders, and diarrhoea in poultry, particularly in Japanese quail (<jats:italic>Coturnix japonica<\/jats:italic>). The infection causes huge economical losses due to its high transmissibility, mortality and zoonotic potential. This study aimed to isolate, identify, detect virulence genes, and profile multidrug resistance (MDR) of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> from Japanese quail. Oral and rectal swabs were collected from 110 apparently healthy quail birds across various districts in Bangladesh. Bacterial isolation and identification were performed using cultural, morphological, biochemical, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the disc diffusion method, and virulence genes were detected through PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> infection. Both conventional and PCR methods revealed that 25 (22.73%) of the quail birds were positive for <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. The results showed that quail birds in Narsingdi were five times more likely to harbor <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> species (OR: 5.02; 95% CI: 1.34\u201318.84) compared to those in Mymensingh Sadar. Additionally, quail birds younger than eight weeks had nearly six times higher odds (OR: 5.93; 95% CI: 1.96\u201317.91) of carrying <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> compared to older birds. Female quail birds had almost four times higher odds (OR: 3.77; 95% CI: 1.30\u201310.93) of harboring <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> species than males. All 25 <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> isolates exhibited multi drug-resistance (MDR) patterns. Virulence gene analysis revealed the consistent presence of <jats:italic>exo<\/jats:italic>A and <jats:italic>rhl<\/jats:italic>R in all isolates, while <jats:italic>exo<\/jats:italic>S, <jats:italic>exo<\/jats:italic>Y, <jats:italic>rhl<\/jats:italic>I, and <jats:italic>rhl<\/jats:italic>AB showed variable distribution. The high prevalence of MDR and virulent <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> in apparently healthy quail birds particularly in Mymensingh and Dhaka divisions, highlights the urgent need for a comprehensive \u2018One Health\u2019 approach to proactively address and mitigate the potential risk this organism poses to both quail and human populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T19:08:58Z","timestamp":1737745738000},"page":"e0316667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["First report of MDR virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa in apparently healthy Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Alamgir","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7580-3726","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Md. Tanjir","family":"Ahmmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bushra Benta Rahman","family":"Prapti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aminur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasnim","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6400-8858","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chandra Shaker","family":"Chouhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. K. M. Anisur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7159-0747","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahbubul Pratik","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0316667.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933907001754","article-title":"Poultry production profile and expected future projection in Bangladesh.","volume":"64","author":"SC Das","year":"2008","journal-title":"Worlds Poultry Science Journal"},{"key":"pone.0316667.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3329\/bjas.v46i2.34439","article-title":"A review on present status, problems and prospects of quail farming in Bangladesh.","volume":"46","author":"MR Redoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bangladesh 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