{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T22:49:37Z","timestamp":1789944577425,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54MD012530-03S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD012530-03S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54MD012530-03S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD012530-03S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12HD103083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12HD103083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gertrude B. Elion Mentored Medical Student Research Award of the Triangle Community Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Hypertension is the most common primary diagnosis associated with postpartum readmissions within 42 days of delivery hospitalization. In the United States, nearly half of the cases of eclampsia, a severe form of preeclampsia, develop during the postpartum period, and the postpartum onset of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, like antepartum hypertension poses long-term health risks to pregnant individuals, including an increased likelihood of developing overall cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and chronic hypertension. In this paper, we estimate the trends in the incidence of readmissions for postpartum hypertension within 42 days of delivery discharge in the US, disaggregated by median household income.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods and findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Using National Readmissions Database, we calculated the readmission rates for postpartum hypertension, both overall and stratified by ZIP Code median household income for each year between 2010 and 2019. We also calculated the percentage change and average annual growth rate (AAGR) in the rate of readmissions for postpartum hypertension between 2010 and 2019 for each income group. We then used a logistic regression model to compare the temporal changes in readmission for postpartum hypertension between the lowest and the highest income quartiles. The estimated incidence of postpartum hypertension readmissions doubled for all the income groups between 2010 and 2019 (0.36% vs. 0.8%). While the incidence of postpartum hypertension cases was higher among the lowest-income quartile, the increase in postpartum hypertension readmissions between 2010 and 2019 was greater in the highest-income quartile. Moreover, the incidence of postpartum hypertension readmissions rose faster in pregnant patients without a history of hypertension compared to those with a history of hypertension (AAGR 8.3% vs. 5.1%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The increasing postpartum hypertension readmission burden suggests rising future health risks among mothers and a growing cost burden to the U.S. healthcare system. The higher rate of increase in postpartum hypertension readmissions among people without a history of hypertension calls for blood pressure checking in the postpartum period for all patients regardless of risk status.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T18:36:38Z","timestamp":1736966198000},"page":"e0316944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Temporal changes in hospital readmissions for postpartum hypertension in the US, 2010 to 2019; a serial cross-sectional analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ashwini","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Agnihotri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa I. K.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome J.","family":"Federspiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan R.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2472-6861","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Osondu","family":"Ogbuoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0316944.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.01.174","article-title":"A multi-state analysis of postpartum readmissions in the United States.","volume":"215","author":"MA Clapp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"13","key":"pone.0316944.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013991","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013991","article-title":"Future Cardiovascular Disease Risk for Women With Gestational Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","volume":"9","author":"CCW Lo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"pone.0316944.ref003","article-title":"Contribution of hypertension to severe maternal morbidity.","author":"J Hitti","journal-title":"(1097\u20136868 (Electronic))."},{"key":"pone.0316944.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.11.020","article-title":"Blood pressure changes during the first stage of labor and for the prediction of early postpartum preeclampsia: a prospective study","volume":"184","author":"J Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0316944.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3109\/10641950902777747","article-title":"Postpartum course of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia","volume":"29","author":"T Podymow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertens Pregnancy"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0316944.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.02.037","article-title":"Delayed postpartum preeclampsia: an experience of 151 cases.","volume":"190","author":"LA Matthys","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316944.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000855","article-title":"Hypertensive disorders first identified in pregnancy increase risk for incident prehypertension and hypertension in the year after delivery","volume":"34","author":"MH Black","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0316944.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003099","article-title":"Hypertensive Postpartum Admissions Among Women Without a History of Hypertension or Preeclampsia.","volume":"133","author":"T Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0316944.ref009","volume-title":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs.","author":"KR Fingar","year":"2006"},{"key":"pone.0316944.ref010","unstructured":"HCUP Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD). 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