{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:29:41Z","timestamp":1792157381040,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"San Diego County Employees' Charitable Organization","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"San Diego State University (SDSU) Summer Undergraduate Research Program","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"San Diego State University (SDSU) doctoral program","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"San Diego State University (SDSU) Research Support Fund","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes the simultaneous co-development of Oral Health Behavior Social Support (OHBSS) scales in English and Spanish. OHBSS scales assess social support for toothbrushing, flossing, and dental care utilization, which are targets for interpersonal-level interventions to promote oral health among Hispanic\/Latino adults. The focus was on Mexican-origin adults, who comprise the largest United States Hispanic\/Latino subgroup and experience a high oral disease burden. All participants self-identified as Mexican-origin adults (ages 21\u201340 years old), living along the California-Arizona-Mexico border. Independent samples were recruited for each study partnering with Federally Qualified Health Centers. First, we conducted semi-structured interviews about social support for oral health behaviors in August to November 2018 (Study 1, N\u2009=\u200972). Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed (in original language, Spanish or English), and qualitative data were coded and analyzed in Dedoose following three topical codebooks; excerpts were used to co-create the large bilingual item data bank (OHBSSv1). The item bank was pre-tested via 39 cognitive interviews between December 2019 to March 2020, reviewed by an expert panel with several bilingual members, reduced to 107 Spanish\/109 English items (OHBSSv2), then pilot tested in January to December 2021 (Study 2, N\u2009=\u2009309). Pilot survey data were analyzed through Exploratory Factor Analysis and Horn\u2019s parallel analysis, overall and by language, to examine response patterns and inform item selection (OHBSSv3). The scales queried social support for toothbrushing, flossing, and dental care utilization across 39 items from three sources (family, health providers, others\/friends), plus up to nine optional dental care-related items (Study 3, conducted April 2022 to February 2023, N\u2009=\u2009502). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) assessed model fit, overall and by language (multiple group CFA). Final OHBSS scales include 37 items, plus seven optional items. Acceptable model fit for three-factor structures for each oral health behavior was found, providing evidence of the scales\u2019 construct validity. Cronbach\u2019s alphas and McDonald\u2019s omegas were tabulated; all were above 0.95, overall and by language, supporting scales\u2019 internal consistency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T17:29:43Z","timestamp":1741714183000},"page":"e0317133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development of new bilingual oral health behavior social support (OHBSS) scales in English and Spanish"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2457-4183","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tracy L.","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa L.","family":"Malcarne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guadalupe X.","family":"Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melody K.","family":"Schiaffino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin S.","family":"Hoeft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Garcia-Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Ryder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart A.","family":"Gansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes S.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Dougherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Maupom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nannette","family":"Stamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Shue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0317133.ref001","volume-title":"Oral health in America: Advances and challenges","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","year":"2021"},{"key":"pone.0317133.ref002","author":"Pew Research Center","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0317133.ref003","first-page":"16","article-title":"The making of a people. 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