{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T17:48:25Z","timestamp":1773856105114,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018254","name":"Japanese Foundation for Research and Promotion of Endoscopy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant 2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018254","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biliary stent occlusion is due, in part, to biofilm formation by bacteria. However, previous culture-based approaches may not have revealed all microorganisms on the surface. Twenty-seven patients underwent endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage for the removal or replacement of plastic biliary stents. We analyzed occlusion severity using image-analyses of a longitudinal section of the biliary stent and evaluated the microbial profile of sludge deposition inside the stents using 16S rRNA sequencing with a MiSeq Illumina platform. We then evaluated the association of microbial profiles with the duration of stent placement and stent occlusion severity. Actinobacteria and Synergistetes were much more abundant in occluded stents compared with non-occluded stents. An abundance of <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium spp<\/jats:italic>. and OTU00006 <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/jats:italic> (100%<jats:italic>)<\/jats:italic> correlated with stent occlusion severity (rho, 0.62; p&lt;0.001; and 0.42; p = 0.03, respectively), and this relationship remained after adjusting for the duration of stent placement (p = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively). The genus <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/jats:italic> were associated with the degree of occlusion in plastic biliary stents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T18:47:47Z","timestamp":1736448467000},"page":"e0317230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Study on the relationship between microbial composition within obstructive biliary stents and the severity of obstruction and duration of stent placement"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Sugawara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Takayasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimio","family":"Isshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0473-7395","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Toshiki","family":"Futakuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6487-7528","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hiroto","family":"Furuhashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rina","family":"Kurokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Sumiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0317230.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-006-1155-8","article-title":"Techniques of biliary drainage for acute cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines.","volume":"14","author":"T Tsuyuguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg"},{"key":"pone.0317230.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92752-2","article-title":"Randomised trial of self-expanding metal stents versus polyethylene stents for distal malignant biliary obstruction","volume":"340","author":"PHP Davids","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0317230.ref003","first-page":"654","article-title":"Wallstents versus plastic stents in malignant biliary obstruction: effects of stent patency of the first and second stent on patient compliance and survival","volume":"91","author":"A Schmassmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"pone.0317230.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70081-3","article-title":"Best period to replace or change plastic stents with self-expandable metallic stents using multivariate competing risk regression analysis.","volume":"10","author":"M Chiba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0317230.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-16519","article-title":"Why do bilioduodenal plastic stents become occluded? 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