{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:00:58Z","timestamp":1791489658321,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100025772","name":"David B. Jones Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100025772","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Metoposaurid-dominated bonebeds are relatively commonplace in Upper Triassic continental deposits with at least ten monodominant, densely-packed bonebeds globally. The biostratinomy of several classic localities in India, North America, and Poland have been explored in detail; however, variability in methods and resultant conclusions point to the need for a more rigorous approach to understanding both the taphonomic and the ecological origins of metoposaurid-dominated bonebeds. Here we present the first monodominant metoposaurid mass mortality assemblage from the Late Triassic Popo Agie Formation and the stratigraphically lowest known record of several fauna from the Popo Agie Fm including the first occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic>Buettnererpeton bakeri<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Wyoming. We employ previously tested binning methods based on perceived hydrodynamic equivalence (\u201cVoorhies groups\u201d) to assess pre-burial skeletal sorting. We suggest a simple counting and normalization method that avoids the inherent bias introduced by the interpretation of hydrodynamic equivalence of skeletal elements in taxa that lack actualistic experimental data. In contrast to other North American metoposaurid bonebeds, the sedimentology and skeletal sorting analyses of the Nobby Knob quarry support an autochthonous origin of this assemblage in a fluvio-lacustrine system with relatively little pre-burial sorting. Despite differences in underlying assumptions regarding the dispersal potential of specific skeletal elements, binning methods tend to follow similar trends regardless of framework used to assess different assemblages.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T19:07:01Z","timestamp":1743620821000},"page":"e0317325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A new metoposaurid (Temnospondyli) bonebed from the lower Popo Agie Formation (Carnian, Triassic) and an assessment of skeletal sorting"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4645-5540","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Kufner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max E.","family":"Deckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah R.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calvin","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon R.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0154-4777","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David M.","family":"Lovelace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0317325.ref001","first-page":"337","article-title":"An amphibian graveyard","volume":"49","author":"AS Romer","year":"1939","journal-title":"Sci Monthly"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pone.0317325.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2010.10.025","article-title":"Taphonomy of the Lamy amphibian quarry: A Late Triassic bonebed in New Mexico, U.S.A","volume":"298","author":"S Lucas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Palaeogeog Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref003","article-title":"Lamy amphibian quarry, a Late Triassic metoposaur-dominated bonebed in New Mexico","volume":"96","author":"LF Rinehart","year":"2024","journal-title":"N M Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref004","first-page":"279","article-title":"Taphonomy of the Late Triassic Lamy amphibian quarry (Garita Creek Formation: Chinle Group), central New Mexico","volume":"21","author":"KE Zeigler","year":"2002","journal-title":"N M Mus Nat Hist Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0317325.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0037-0738(01)00198-1","article-title":"Taphonomy of some Gondwana vertebrate assemblages of India","volume":"147","author":"S Bandyopadhyay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sediment Geol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref006","first-page":"1","article-title":"A collection of stegocephalians from Scurry County, Texas","volume-title":"Contrib Museum Paleontol","author":"EC Case","year":"1932"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14065","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14065","article-title":"Revision of the Late Triassic metoposaurid \u201cMetoposaurus\u201d bakeri (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from Texas, USA and a phylogenetic analysis of the Metoposauridae","volume":"10","author":"B Gee","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2012.05.015","article-title":"Unraveling the origin of the Late Triassic multitaxic bone accumulation at Krasiej\u00f3w (S Poland) by diagenetic analysis","author":"A Bodzioch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Palaeogeog Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0317325.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13276","article-title":"Pentadactyl manus of the Metoposaurus krasiejowensis from the Late Triassic of Poland, the first record of pentadactyly among Temnospondyli","volume":"237","author":"D Konietzko-Meier","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"C","key":"pone.0317325.ref010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude pal\u00e9ontologique du Trias continental Marocain. Description des premiers stegocephales recueillis dans le couloir d\u2019Argana (atlas occidental)","volume":"36","author":"J Dutuit","year":"1976","journal-title":"M\u00e9moires du Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0317325.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2014.912988","article-title":"A new species of Metoposaurus from the Late Triassic of Portugal and comments on the systematics and biogeography of metoposaurid temnospondyls","volume":"35","author":"SL Brusatte","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Verteb Paleontol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref012","first-page":"1","article-title":"Redescription of Arganasaurus (Metoposaurus) azerouali (Dutuit) comb. nov. from the Upper Triassic of the Argana Basin (Morocco), and the first phylogenetic analysis of the Metoposauridae (Amphibia, Temnospondyli)","volume":"1","author":"V Buffa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Palaeontologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref013","first-page":"1","article-title":"Rotten hill: a Late Triassic bonebed in the Texas panhandle, USA","volume":"72","author":"S Lucas","year":"2016","journal-title":"N M Mus Nat Hist Sci"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref014","first-page":"29","article-title":"Osteology, variability, and evolution of Metoposaurus, a temnospondyl from the Late Triassic of Poland","volume":"64","author":"T Sulej","year":"2007","journal-title":"Palaeontologia Polonica"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref015","first-page":"361","article-title":"Amphibians from the Dockum Triassic of Howard County, Texas","author":"H Sawin","year":"1945","journal-title":"University of Texas Publications"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0317325.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s43657-023-00152-8","article-title":"A Multimodal approach for detection and assessment of depression using text, audio and video","volume":"4","author":"W Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phenomics"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"pone.0317325.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-0182(88)90096-X","article-title":"Vertebrate preservation in fluvial channels","volume":"63","author":"AK Behrensmeyer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol, Palaeoecol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-0182(87)90051-4","article-title":"Taphonomy of the Lower Permian Geraldine Bonebed in Archer County, Texas","volume":"61","author":"PM Sander","year":"1987","journal-title":"Palaeogeog Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0317325.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1017\/S0094837300005820","article-title":"Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering","volume":"4","author":"AK Behrensmeyer","year":"1978","journal-title":"Paleobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref020","first-page":"37","article-title":"Sequence of disarticulation in mammalian skeletons","volume":"4","author":"H Toots","year":"1965","journal-title":"Rocky Mt Geol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref021","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mortality dynamics and fossilisation pathways of a new metoposaurid-dominated multitaxic bonebed from India: a window into the Late Triassic vertebrate palaeoecosystem","author":"N Rakshit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hist Biol"},{"issue":"Special Paper","key":"pone.0317325.ref022","first-page":"1","article-title":"Taphonomy and population dynamics of an Early Pliocene vertebrate fauna, Knox County, Nebraska","volume":"8","author":"MR Voorhies","year":"1969","journal-title":"Rocky Mt Geol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.earth.33.092203.122721","article-title":"Bed material transport and the morphology of alluvial river channels","volume":"34","author":"M Church","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2024.104699","article-title":"Grain size from source to sink \u2013 modern and ancient fining rates","volume":"250","author":"T Reynolds","year":"2024","journal-title":"Earth-Sci Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1666\/0094-8373-36.1.80","article-title":"Origins of microfossil bonebeds: insights from the Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation of north-central Montana","volume":"36","author":"R Rogers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paleobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1017\/S0094837300002943","article-title":"Models for fossil concentrations: paleobiologic implications","volume":"12","author":"SM Kidwell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Paleobiology"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref027","first-page":"1","article-title":"Eocyclotosaurus appetolatus, a Middle Triassic amphibian: osteology, life history, and paleobiology","volume":"70","author":"L Rinehart","year":"2016","journal-title":"N M Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref028","first-page":"ar.25003","article-title":"Anatomy informs geology: Hydrodynamic dispersal of alligator bones, with implications for taphonomic interpretations of fossil deposits of crocodylians, dinosaurs, and other morphologically novel taxa","author":"R Blob","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0317325.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2110\/palo.2009.p09-103r","article-title":"Taphonomy and paleoecology of a bonebed from the Prince Creek Formation, North Slope, Alaska","volume":"25","author":"R Gangloff","year":"2010","journal-title":"PALAIOS"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref030","article-title":"Triassic Dicynodont Reptiles: Part I. The North American Genus Placerias, by C. L. Camp and S. P. Welles. Part II.","volume-title":"Triassic Dicynodonts Compared, by C. L. Camp","author":"CL Camp","year":"1956"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref031","unstructured":"Gay RJ, Huttenlocker AK, Irmis RB, Stegner MA, Uglesich J. Paleontology of Bears Ears National Monument (Utah, USA)\u2014 history of exploration, study, and designation. 2020;7."},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref032","article-title":"A new occurrence of Buettneria bakeri (Temnospondyli: Metoposauridae) from the Norian (Cooper Canyon Formation, Dockum Group) of west Texas","volume":"32","author":"M Houle","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Verteb Paleontol"},{"issue":"S90","key":"pone.0317325.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/jpa.2022.49","article-title":"Puercosuchus traverorum n. gen. n. sp.: a new malerisaurine azendohsaurid (Archosauromorpha: Allokotosauria) from two monodominant bonebeds in the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic, Norian) of Arizona","volume":"96","author":"A Marsh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Paleontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0317325.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022336000026718","article-title":"Geology and taphonomy of the Coelophysis quarry, Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Ghost Ranch, New Mexico","volume":"68","author":"H Schwartz","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Paleontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0317325.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1669\/0883-1351(2000)015<0194:POETCF>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Paleoenvironments of Early Theropods, Chinle Formation (Late Triassic), Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona","volume":"15","author":"F THERRIEN","year":"2000","journal-title":"PALAIOS"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref036","first-page":"3","article-title":"A review of the early Late Triassic Krasiej\u00f3w biota from Silesia, Poland","volume":"64","author":"J Dzik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Palaeontologia Polonica"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"pone.0317325.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2013.809285","article-title":"Vertebrate taphonomy of the Ischigualasto Formation","volume":"32","author":"CE Colombi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vertebr Paleontol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sedgeo.2017.10.003","article-title":"Allogenic controls on the fluvial architecture and fossil preservation of the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation, NW Argentina","volume":"362","author":"C Colombi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sediment Geol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0317325.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.2110\/palo.2011.p11-017r","article-title":"Vertebrate fossil preservation in blue paleosols from the Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, with implications for vertebrate biostratigraphy in the Chinle Formation","volume":"26","author":"KM Loughney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Palaios"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"pone.0317325.ref040","first-page":"2305","article-title":"Concurrence of Late Triassic lithostratigraphic, radioisotopic, and biostratigraphic data support a Carnian age for the Popo Agie Formation (Chugwater Group), Wyoming, USA","volume":"136","author":"D Lovelace","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geol Soc Am Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref041","first-page":"zlae153","article-title":"Rethinking dinosaur origins: oldest known equatorial dinosaur-bearing assemblage (mid-late Carnian Popo Agie FM, Wyoming, USA)","volume":"203","author":"D Lovelace","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zool J Linn Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0317325.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1086\/621258","article-title":"Structure and relationships of American Labyrinthodontid\u00e6","volume":"13","author":"EB Branson","year":"1905","journal-title":"J Geol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0317325.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/14772019.2019.1602855","article-title":"Redescription of Anaschisma (Temnospondyli: Metoposauridae) from the Late Triassic of Wyoming and the phylogeny of the Metoposauridae","volume":"18","author":"B Gee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Syst Palaeontol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0317325.ref044","first-page":"154","article-title":"Triassic amphibians from the Rocky Mountain region","volume":"4","author":"E Branson","year":"1929","journal-title":"Univ Missouri Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1922067","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2021.1922067","article-title":"Reevaluation of the holotypes of Koskinonodon princeps Branson and Mehl, 1929, and Borborophagus wyomingensis Branson and Mehl, 1929 (Temnospondyli, Metoposauridae)","volume":"41","author":"A Kufner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vertebr Paleontol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref046","first-page":"1","article-title":"A new Wyoming phytosaur","volume":"2","author":"T Eaton","year":"1965","journal-title":"University Kansas Paleontol Contrib"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref047","first-page":"91","article-title":"Phytosauria","volume":"379","author":"M Stocker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anat Phylogeny Palaeobiology Early Archosaurs Their Kin"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref048","first-page":"141","article-title":"The phytosauria of the Wyoming Triassic","volume":"23","author":"MG Mehl","year":"1928","journal-title":"Denison Univ Bull J Sci Lab"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0317325.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1086\/622049","article-title":"Angistorhinus, a new genus of Phytosauria from the Trias of Wyoming","volume":"21","author":"M Mehl","year":"1913","journal-title":"J Geol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/spp2.1022","article-title":"Relationships of the Indian phytosaur Parasuchus hislopi Lydekker, 1885","volume":"2","author":"C Kammerer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Papers Palaeontol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0317325.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1086\/621190","article-title":"Notice of some new reptiles from the Upper Trias of Wyoming","volume":"12","author":"SW Williston","year":"1904","journal-title":"J Geol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0317325.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64203","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064203","article-title":"On the validity and phylogenetic position of Eubrachiosaurus browni, a kannemeyeriiform dicynodont (Anomodontia) from Triassic North America","volume":"8","author":"CF Kammerer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0317325.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1086\/622268","article-title":"Poposaurus gracilis, a new reptile from the Triassic of Wyoming","volume":"23","author":"MG Mehl","year":"1915","journal-title":"J Geol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0317325.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02988388","article-title":"A revision of Poposaurus gracilis (Archosauria: Suchia) based on two new specimens from the Late Triassic of the southwestern U.S.A","volume":"81","author":"JC Weinbaum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pal\u00e4ontologische Zeitschrift"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref055","first-page":"222","article-title":"A giant skull, ontogenetic variation and taxonomic validity of the Late Triassic phytosaur Parasuchus","volume":"41","author":"S Lucas","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Global Triassic"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.56577\/FFC-36.197","article-title":"Late Triassic vertebrates from Revuelto Creek, Quay County, New Mexico","author":"K Carpenter","year":"1985","journal-title":"Santa Rosa, Tucumcari Region"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0317325.ref057","first-page":"1428","article-title":"A rauisuchid thecodont from the Upper Triassic Popo Agie Formation of Wyoming","volume":"53","author":"RM Dawley","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Paleontol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10101","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10101","article-title":"The osteology and phylogenetic position of the loricatan (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) Heptasuchus clarki, from the\u00a0?Mid-Upper Triassic, southeastern Big Horn Mountains, Central Wyoming (USA)","volume":"8","author":"SJ Nesbitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0317325.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.3390\/d15040544","article-title":"A new rhynchosaur taxon from the Popo Agie Formation, WY: Implications for a northern Pangean Early-Late Triassic (Carnian) fauna","volume":"15","author":"AJ Fitch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref060","first-page":"149","article-title":"The rhynchosaur Hyperodapedon from the Upper Triassic of Wyoming and its global biochronological significance","volume":"21","author":"S Lucas","year":"2002","journal-title":"N M Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0317325.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1086\/623131","article-title":"Fossil plants and unios in the red beds of Wyoming","volume":"32","author":"EW Berry","year":"1924","journal-title":"J Geol"},{"issue":"2033","key":"pone.0317325.ref062","first-page":"20241041","article-title":"Fossil amphibian offers insights into the interplay between monsoons and amphibian evolution in palaeoequatorial Late Triassic systems","volume":"291","author":"C So","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206-214.e4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.11.064","article-title":"Climatic controls on the ecological ascendancy of dinosaurs","volume":"33","author":"EM Dunne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2009.00094.x","article-title":"The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs","volume":"85","author":"MC Langer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/pala.12514","article-title":"Climatic drivers of latitudinal variation in Late Triassic tetrapod diversity","volume":"64","author":"E Dunne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref066","article-title":"Declaring \u201cSquaw\u201d a derogatory term and implementing procedures to remove the term from federal usage","author":"D Haaland","year":"2021"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0317325.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.2110\/jsr.2020.003","article-title":"A new, more accurate, and easier to use Jacob\u2019s staff","volume":"90","author":"SM Holland","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sediment Res"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref068","author":"Munsell soil color charts","year":"2000"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0317325.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.31582\/rmag.mg.61.3.219","article-title":"A reinterpretation of the Jelm and Popo Agie formations (Triassic, Wyoming) as a distributive fluvial system (DFS) and the role of the accommodation\/sedimentation ratio in DFS deposition","volume":"61","author":"ME Deckman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mt Geol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref070","unstructured":"Martz JW. Lithostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, and vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Dockum Group (Upper Triassic), of southern Garza County, West Texas. 2008."},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803243-5.00002-9","article-title":"Revised formulation of the Late Triassic land vertebrate \u201cfaunachrons\u201d of western North America","volume-title":"Terrestrial Depositional Systems","author":"J Martz","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref072","first-page":"37","article-title":"The saga of the Dockum Group and the case of the Texas\/New Mexico boundary fault","volume":"150","author":"T Lehman","year":"1994","journal-title":"N M Bur Mines Miner Resour Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0317325.ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02702953","article-title":"Depositional setting and vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Triassic Dockum Group of Texas","volume":"114","author":"T Lehman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Earth Syst Sci"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref074","article-title":"Taphonomy of two Late Triassic stereospondyl mass death assemblages from the Popo Agie Formation (Fremont County, Wyoming)","volume":"162","author":"AM Kufner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vertebr Paleontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0317325.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4877.2009.00146.x","article-title":"\u201cPachyostosis\u201d in aquatic amniotes: a review","volume":"4","author":"A Houssaye","year":"2009","journal-title":"Integr Zool"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref076","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bringing the analysis of animal orientation data full circle: model-based approaches with maximum likelihood","volume":"220","author":"R Fitak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12898-019-0246-8","article-title":"The Hermans-Rasson test as a powerful alternative to the Rayleigh test for circular statistics in biology","volume":"19","author":"L Landler","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Ecol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref078","article-title":"Stratigraphic relations within upper Chugwater group (Triassic), Wyoming","volume":"53","author":"LRJr High","year":"1969","journal-title":"AAPG Bulletin"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0317325.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0130007","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130007","article-title":"Cranial anatomy of Wendiceratops pinhornensis gen. et sp. nov., a centrosaurine ceratopsid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Oldman Formation (Campanian), Alberta, Canada, and the evolution of ceratopsid nasal ornamentation","volume":"10","author":"DC Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0317325.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2307\/3515304","article-title":"Relative hydrodynamic dispersal potentials of soft-shelled turtle elements: Implications for interpreting skeletal sorting in assemblages of non-mammalian terrestrial vertebrates","volume":"12","author":"R Blob","year":"1997","journal-title":"PALAIOS"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3727","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3727","article-title":"Histological characterization of denticulate palatal plates in an Early Permian dissorophoid","volume":"5","author":"BM Gee","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"pone.0317325.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-0182(98)00215-6","article-title":"Amphibian taphonomy and its application to the fossil record of Dolina (middle Pleistocene, Atapuerca, Spain)","volume":"149","author":"ACP Llona","year":"1999","journal-title":"Palaeogeog Palaeoclimatol, Palaeoecol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref083","article-title":"Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian) tetrapods from the southwestern United States","volume":"4","author":"RA Long","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull New Mexico Museum Nat Hist Sci"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226723730.001.0001","volume-title":"Bonebeds: Genesis, Analysis, and Paleobiological Significance","author":"R Rogers","year":"2007"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5479\/si.00963801.76-2798.1","article-title":"New fossil land and fresh-water mollusks from the Reynosa Formation of Texas","volume":"76","author":"WB Marshall","year":"1929","journal-title":"Proceedings of the United States National Museum"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref086","first-page":"223","article-title":"Freshwater bivalve fauna of the Late Triassic (Carnian\u2013Norian) Chinle, Dockum, and Dolores formations of the southwest United States","volume-title":"Bivalves: an Eon of Evolution","author":"SC Good","year":"1998"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref087","first-page":"187","article-title":"Description of a new species of Buettneria, with a discussion of the brain case","volume":"3","author":"EC Case","year":"1931","journal-title":"Contrib Mus Paleontol Univ Mich"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0317325.ref088","first-page":"233","article-title":"A revision of the redfieldiiform and perleidiform fishes from the Triassic of Bekkers Kraal (South Africa) and Brookvale (New South Wales)","volume":"22","author":"P Hutchinson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bull Br Mus Nat Hist Geol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref089","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the relationships of the Triassic-Liassic redfieldiiform fishes","author":"B Schaeffer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Mus Novit"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref090","first-page":"153","article-title":"Upper Triassic floral zones of North America","volume-title":"Biostratigraphy of Fossil Plants","author":"SR Ash","year":"1980"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref091","first-page":"101","article-title":"Stratigraphy of Triassic Rocks in West-Central, Wyoming","author":"M Picard","year":"1978","journal-title":"Wyo Geol Assoc Guideb"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref092","first-page":"1","article-title":"Correlation and nomenclature of some Triassic and Jurassic rocks in south-central Wyoming","author":"GN Pipiringos","year":"1968","journal-title":"Geol Surv Prof Pap"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref093","first-page":"89","article-title":"Triassic vertebrates of the Wind River Basin","volume":"12","author":"E Colbert","year":"1957","journal-title":"Wyo Geol Assoc Guideb"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1306\/74D711EF-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D","article-title":"Sedimentary petrology and origin of analcime-rich Pogo Agie Member, Chugwater (Triassic) Formation, west-central Wyoming","volume":"35","author":"L High","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Sediment Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref095","first-page":"88","article-title":"Stratigraphic relations of Upper Triassic units, northeastern Utah and Wyoming","volume":"44","author":"L High","year":"1967","journal-title":"Compass Sigma Gamma Epsilon"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref096","first-page":"181","article-title":"Stratigraphy of Popo Agie Formation (Late Triassic), Uinta Mountain Area, Utah and Colorado","author":"LR High","year":"1069","journal-title":"Geologic Guidebook of the Uinta Mountains: Utah\u2019s Maverick Range"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0317325.ref097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1130\/0016-7606(1966)77[771:OOAMIT]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Observation of alpine mudflows in the Tenmile Range, central Colorado","volume":"77","author":"RR Curry","year":"1966","journal-title":"Geolog Soc Am Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0317325.ref098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3091.2001.00360.x","article-title":"The physical character of subaqueous sedimentary density flows and their deposits","volume":"48","author":"T Mulder","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sedimentology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1130\/0016-7606(1986)97<1:CNVSTA>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Coarse-grained nonmarine volcaniclastic sediment: Terminology and depositional process","volume":"97","author":"G Smith","year":"1986","journal-title":"Geol Soc Am Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0317325.ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1130\/G21036.1","article-title":"Fine-grained debris flows and extraordinary vertebrate burials in the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar","volume":"33","author":"RR Rogers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geology"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3133\/fs20043142","article-title":"Distinguishing between debris flows and floods from field evidence in small watersheds","author":"T Pierson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fact Sheet"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0317325.ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2110\/palo.2009.p09-143r","article-title":"Taphonomy of a juvenile lambeosaurine bonebed from the Two Medicine Formation (Campanian) of Montana, United States","volume":"25","author":"B Scherzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"PALAIOS"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0317325.ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4314\/ejesm.v1i2.41580","article-title":"Tillage effect on soil moisture storage and wheat yield on the vertisols of North central highlands of Ethiopia","volume":"1","author":"F Kebede","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ethiop J Environ Stud Manag"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref104","first-page":"8","article-title":"Physical and chemical properties of vertisols and their management","author":"SM Virmani","year":"1982"},{"issue":"1468","key":"pone.0317325.ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1415","article-title":"Geometrical and crystallographic constraints determine the self-organization of shell microstructures in Unionidae (Bivalvia: Mollusca)","volume":"268","author":"AG Checa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1093\/mollus\/eyt048","article-title":"Presence of organic layers in shells of fossil and recent Unionoida (Bivalvia) and their implications","volume":"80","author":"R Araujo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Molluscan Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0317325.ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13755","article-title":"To be or not to be heavier: The role of dermal bones in the buoyancy of the Late Triassic temnospondyl amphibian Metoposaurus krasiejowensis","volume":"241","author":"S Kalita","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref108","first-page":"137","article-title":"Voorhies groups revisited: Critical mobility, travel distance, and sorting of mammal and extinct reptile skeletons","author":"M Chiappone","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vertebr Paleontol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref109","first-page":"47","article-title":"An upper Jurassic Morrison Formation fire-induced debris flow: taphonomy and paleoenvironment of a sauropod (Sauropoda: Supersaurus vivianae) locality, east-central Wyoming","volume":"36","author":"D Lovelace","year":"2006","journal-title":"N M Mus Nat Hist Sci Bull"},{"issue":"sup2","key":"pone.0317325.ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1671\/0272-4634(2007)27[21:PAPOMC]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Paleoenvironment and paleoecology of Majungasaurus crenatissimus (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar","volume":"27","author":"RR Rogers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vertebr Paleontol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1017\/S2475263000001082","article-title":"Models and simulations of time-averaging in terrestrial vertebrate accumulations","volume":"6","author":"AK Behrensmeyer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Short Courses Paleontol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(77)90118-X","article-title":"The social behaviour of anuran amphibians","volume":"25","author":"K Wells","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref113","first-page":"79A","article-title":"Taphonomy of a multiple Poebrotherium killsite\u2014an Archaeotherium meat cache","author":"KA Sundell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vertebr Paleontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0317325.ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414894112","article-title":"Recent shifts in the occurrence, cause, and magnitude of animal mass mortality events","volume":"112","author":"SB Fey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63522-8.00015-2","article-title":"Redoximorphic features","volume-title":"Interpretation of micromorphological features of soils and regoliths","author":"M Vepraskas","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0317325.ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01662","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.1662","article-title":"Detecting spatial ontogenetic niche shifts in complex dendritic ecological networks","volume":"8","author":"W Fields","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317325.ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.15.110184.002141","article-title":"The ontogenetic niche and species interactions in size-structured populations","volume":"15","author":"E Werner","year":"1984","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0317325.ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3960","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.3960","article-title":"Multi\u2010scale patterns in the occurrence of an ephemeral pool\u2010breeding amphibian","volume":"13","author":"B Halstead","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0317325.ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0275240","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0275240","article-title":"Biostratinomic alterations of an Edmontosaurus \u201cmummy\u201d reveal a pathway for soft tissue preservation without invoking \u201cexceptional conditions\u201d","volume":"17","author":"SK Drumheller","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref120","unstructured":"Mueller W. Triassic tetrapod paleontology and taphonomy of the Boren Quarry, Dockum Group, Garza County, Texas. 2016."},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4138\/atlgeol.2015.006","article-title":"Stratigraphic and temporal context and faunal diversity of Permian-Jurassic continental tetrapod assemblages from the Fundy rift basin, eastern Canada","volume":"51","author":"HD Sues","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atl Geol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"pone.0317325.ref122","first-page":"86A","article-title":"Mixed assemblages and the birth of a chimera: an example from the Popo Agie Formation (Upper Triassic), Wyoming","volume":"17","author":"A Wroblewski","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vertebr Paleontol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref123","first-page":"1484","article-title":"Petrology of Gartra Formation (Triassic), Uinta Mountain Area, Utah and Colorado","volume":"39","author":"C McCormick","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Sediment Petrol"},{"key":"pone.0317325.ref124","first-page":"93","article-title":"Chinle Formation and Glen Canyon Sandstone in Northeast Utah and Northwest Colorado","volume":"13","author":"F Poole","year":"1964","journal-title":"Utah Geol Assoc Guideb"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0317325","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T19:10:16Z","timestamp":1743621016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0317325"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0317325","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.12.28.630624","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]}}}