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The current study applied a hierarchical, dimensional approach to better understand associations among psychopathology, social cognition, and general cognitive ability. Data were collected from two samples (n = 653), including psychosis-spectrum patients, their first-degree relatives, and individuals from community sources. Participants completed dimensional psychopathology measures and social cognition tasks (e.g., emotion perception and mentalizing). Data were analyzed using bi-factor exploratory structural equation modeling. Detachment\u2014a psychopathology dimension conceptually linked to social functioning\u2014was associated with worse social cognition, independent of general cognitive ability. Eccentricity and Machiavellianism were associated with better social cognition and general cognitive ability. Findings\u2014and the hierarchical, dimensional approach employed\u2014will be useful in informing future research on and interventions for social dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T18:31:58Z","timestamp":1737570718000},"page":"e0317377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Constructs across a hierarchical, dimensional model of psychopathology show differential associations with social and general cognitive ability"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2751-3629","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Scott D.","family":"Blain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerillyn 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