{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:13:49Z","timestamp":1793297629331,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec017\">\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pilgrims with pre-existing Chronic Diseases are at high risk of physical stress that can lead to unexpected health outcomes, including multiple visits to the hospital, organ failure, or even death. In addition, the risk of mortality related to Chronic Diseases increases during mass gatherings due to these same reasons. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the Prevalence of Chronic Diseases and clinical symptoms among pilgrims during Hajj 2024 in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec018\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the 2024 Hajj rituals, cross-sectional questionnaires were administered to pilgrims at the Jeddah International Airport. The questionnaire contained questions on sociodemographic information, the presence of Chronic Diseases, types of Chronic Diseases, and clinical symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec019\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1920 pilgrims were included in the study, with a mean age of 52.03\u2009\u00b1\u200913.43 and a median of 53 years. Among those, 49.4% were males. The prevalence of Chronic Diseases (CDs) was 36.3% (n\u2009= 697). Among those, 16% (n\u2009=\u2009308) of them reported hypertension, followed by diabetes 11.6% (n\u2009=\u2009222), asthma (4%, n\u2009=\u200976), and cardiovascular diseases (3.4% n\u2009=\u200965). The most common symptoms associated with Chronic Diseases were cough (36.5%, n\u2009=\u2009700), followed by fever (21.8%, n\u2009=\u2009419), and sore throat (21.2%, n\u2009=\u2009407). The presence of diabetes was significantly associated with gender (p\u2009=\u20090.019), while hypertension was more common among male pilgrims (n\u2009=\u2009829) compared to female pilgrims (n\u2009=\u2009783) (p\u2009=\u2009001). Furthermore, the presence of coughing was significantly associated with the age and educational level of the pilgrims (p\u2009=\u20090.001). On the other hand, headaches were more common among females compared to male pilgrims (p\u2009=\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec020\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A considerable number of pilgrims suffer from Chronic Diseases, with hypertension being most common. Further interventions, such as education and management before Hajj, are recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T17:07:51Z","timestamp":1743527271000},"page":"e0317555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exploring the prevalence of chronic diseases and health status among international Hajj pilgrims"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5750-0426","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Osama","family":"Samarkandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Alamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1635-6158","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ghadah","family":"Alsaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamees","family":"Al Abdullatif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jumanah","family":"Alhazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Basnawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"Alazmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0317555.ref001","article-title":"About chronic diseases","year":"2023"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0317555.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.05.021","article-title":"Epidemiology of Hajj pilgrimage mortality: Analysis for potential intervention","volume":"17","author":"MA Gaddoury","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0317555.ref003","volume-title":"Epidemiology of Hajj pilgrimage mortality: Analysis for potential intervention","author":"Gaddoury MAM","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317555.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62682-z","article-title":"Morbidity amongst South African Hajj pilgrims in 2023-a retrospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"O Mahomed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0317555.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.26719\/2019.25.10.744","article-title":"Health issues in the Hajj pilgrimage: A literature review","volume":"25","author":"M Aldossari","year":"2019","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"pone.0317555.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dialog.2023.100099","article-title":"Prevalence of emergency cases among pilgrims presenting at King Abdulaziz International Airport Health Care Center at Hajj Terminal, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during Hajj Season, 1440 H\u20132019","volume":"2","author":"KM Alrufaidi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dialogues Health"},{"key":"pone.0317555.ref007","first-page":"9037159","article-title":"The Impact of classical cardiovascular risk factors on hospitalization and mortality among Hajj Pilgrims","author":"M Ardiana","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific World Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0317555.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4103\/sjcp.sjcp_17_23","article-title":"Strategies to curtail the burden of cardiovascular diseases during Hajj activities: A review","volume":"2","author":"AF Altebainawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saudi J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0317555.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18031155","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes and hypertension among Hajj pilgrims: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"S Yezli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317555.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010257","article-title":"Assessment of preventative measures practice among Umrah pilgrims in Saudi Arabia, 1440H-2019","volume":"18","author":"M Tobaiqy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0317555.ref011","volume-title":"Hajj vaccinations 1445. 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