{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:59:55Z","timestamp":1792144795651,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Competitive horse racing is the second largest sport in Great Britain by spectator attendance, employability, and revenue. It is a lucrative yet hazardous sport, with high injury rates, particularly from falls. Clavicular fractures are one of the most common injuries reported, yet their management, especially regarding return to racing, is under-researched. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors associated with the time to return to competition following a clavicular fracture in jockeys competing in Great Britain.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This review of medical records utilised data from the British Horseracing Authority spanning 2011\u20132018, inclusive. Data included the jockey\u2019s age, sex, type of licence, race discipline, location of incident, and fracture management. Descriptive statistics and univariable and multivariable generalised linear models were constructed to analyse the impact of these factors on the time to return to racing.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Out of 212 records of clavicular fractures, 169 were analysed. The majority (82.8%) of fractures were managed conservatively, with the remainder requiring surgery. The median time to return to racing was 40 days, with an interquartile range of 34 days. Following a clavicular fracture, the results from the univariable and multivariable models indicated that the management approach, whether the fracture is displaced, and the type of race in which the injury occurred have the greatest influence on extending the time to return to racing. In contrast, professional, conditional and amateur licence types, as well as experiencing the injury at a racecourse, were associated with reduced time to return to racing, which may indicate greater risk-taking behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study offers unique insights into key medical and contextual factors that influence the time to return to racing among jockeys in Great Britain, contributing to tailoring medical management and return to racing protocols to support jockeys\u2019 health and career longevity. Clinicians working within horse racing can use the findings of this study to provide return to racing guidance to trainers, riders and other medical professionals based on the key contextual information reported in this study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0317724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T18:29:12Z","timestamp":1737656952000},"page":"e0317724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors associated with time to return to horse racing following a clavicle fracture in jockeys competing in Great Britain: A review and analysis of medical records"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Laura J.","family":"Newton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7508-1683","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nick","family":"Dobbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6533-0949","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0081-435X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Crampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0317724.ref001","volume-title":"House of Commons Library, The future of horseracing [Internet]","year":"2023"},{"key":"pone.0317724.ref002","volume-title":"Frontier Economics [Internet]","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0317724.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967113492625","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967113492625","article-title":"Jockey falls, injuries, and fatalities associated with thoroughbred and quarter horse racing in California, 2007\u20132011.","volume":"1","author":"PL Hitchens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0317724.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.36.6.403","article-title":"Injuries in professional horse racing in Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland during 1992\u20132000.","volume":"36","author":"M Turner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0317724.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.05.015","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors for race-day jockey falls over fourteen years.","volume":"23","author":"KA Legg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0317724.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e044075","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-044075","article-title":"Epidemiology of race day injury in young professional jockeys in Great Britain from 2007 to 2018: a retrospective cohort study.","volume":"11","author":"M Davies","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0317724.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.12.17","article-title":"Epidemiology of injury due to race-day jockey falls in professional flat and jump horse racing in Ireland, 2011\u20132015.","volume":"52","author":"S O\u2019Connor","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0317724.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199510000-00005","article-title":"The national jockey injury study: an analysis of injuries to professional horse-racing jockeys.","volume":"5","author":"JM Press","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0317724.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.040337","article-title":"Payments to injured professional jockeys in British horse racing (1996\u20132006).","volume":"42","author":"M Turner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0317724.ref010","first-page":"461","article-title":"The mechanism of clavicular fracture. 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