{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:11:46Z","timestamp":1792080706153,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.51968065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.51968065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the impact of altitude, cold start, ambient temperatures, and driving behaviors on the Real Driving Emissions (RDE) of China VI standard light-duty gasoline vehicles. Tests were conducted on actual roads and in vehicle emission environment simulation laboratories at altitudes of 700 m, 1,300 m, 1,900 m, and 2,400 m in Yunnan. The results showed that: (1) as altitude increased, the CO emission factor exhibited a positive correlation trend, peaking at 2400 m with a 2.56-fold increase compared to 700 m. The NO<jats:sub>X<\/jats:sub> emission factor displayed an \u201cN\u201d distribution, with aggressive driving at 1900 m yielding 1.89 times higher emissions than normal driving and 3.02 times higher than low-temperature driving; (2) under low-temperature rotating wheel conditions, PN emission factors were 7.55 times higher than normal driving and 71.71 times higher than aggressive driving, indicating that driving behavior significantly influenced NO<jats:sub>X<\/jats:sub> emissions, while low-temperature environments had a greater impact on PN emissions; (3) compared to non-cold-start conditions, the cold-start phase increased urban CO, NO<jats:sub>X<\/jats:sub>, and PN emission factors by 4.72% to 225.00%, 0.19% to 15.38%, and 6.45% to 430.36%, respectively, with total emission factors increasing by 0.07% to 0.55%, 0.00% to 6.00%, and 1.03% to 242.64%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T18:03:25Z","timestamp":1742407405000},"page":"e0318298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["RDE &amp; dynamometer analysis of light-duty vehicle emissions across altitudes, temperatures, and driving 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