{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T16:24:47Z","timestamp":1776270287008,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sleep is essential for animal health and welfare. In humans, postsurgical sleep disturbances can delay postoperative recovery. However, objective sleep evaluation in dogs and studies of postoperative sleep disturbances in animals have not been reported. This study aimed to determine whether activity monitors (PLUS CYCLE<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>; JARMeC, Kanagawa, Japan) can accurately monitor the condition of hospitalized dogs and postoperative sleep disturbances. First, the activity data collected by PLUS CYCLE<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> were compared with the observation data in a video of hospitalized dogs (n\u2009=\u20099). We determined the correlation between the total hours of physical activity, Sleeping\/Resting time and amount of physical activity collected by PLUS CYCLE<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, and the time when body movements could not be confirmed (inactive time) recorded by video. There was a strong correlation between the inactive time observed in the videos and the Sleeping\/Resting time in PLUS CYCLE<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, r\u2009=\u20090.95). Thereafter, six hospitalized dogs (n\u2009=\u20096) that underwent phacoemulsification and aspiration surgery for cataracts at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Okayama University of Science were monitored to compare pre- and postoperative amounts of physical activity and Sleeping\/Resting time between two groups: the Colorado State University Acute Pain Scale (APS) = 0 group (n\u2009=\u20093) and the APS\u2009=\u20091 group (n\u2009=\u20093). A significant decrease in postoperative sleep duration was observed in the APS\u2009=\u20091 group (p\u2009=\u20090.0224). This prospective study suggested that PLUS CYCLE<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> can accurately assess the condition of hospitalized dogs and that it has the potential to detect postoperative sleep disturbance. Thus, PLUS CYCLE<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> may help manage postoperative hospitalization and pain management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T17:56:28Z","timestamp":1750960588000},"page":"e0318475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Utility of PLUS CYCLE to measure physical activity and sleep duration and detect postoperative sleep disturbances in hospitalized dogs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8423-8186","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Akihiro","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natsuki","family":"Akashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taketoshi","family":"Asanuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0318475.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201411-2099CI","article-title":"Sleep in the intensive care unit","volume":"191","author":"MA Pisani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"pone.0318475.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2018_140","article-title":"The function(s) of sleep","volume":"253","author":"MG Frank","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0318475.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163620","article-title":"can sleep and resting behaviours be used as indicators of welfare in shelter dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)?","volume":"11","author":"SC Owczarczak-Garstecka","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0318475.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30357-7","article-title":"Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1\u00b79 million participants","volume":"6","author":"R Guthold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"pone.0318475.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.772","article-title":"Initial evaluation of nighttime restlessness in a naturally occurring canine model of osteoarthritis pain","volume":"3","author":"D Knazovicky","year":"2015","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0318475.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18817","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98178-3","article-title":"Interhemispheric asymmetry during NREM sleep in the dog","volume":"11","author":"V Reicher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0318475.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000538","article-title":"Improve postoperative sleep: what can we do?","volume":"31","author":"X Su","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0318475.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12821","article-title":"Psychogenic stress in hospitalized veterinary patients: causation, implications, and therapies","volume":"29","author":"SH Lefman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0318475.ref009","article-title":"Comparison of self-report versus accelerometer - 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