{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:30:30Z","timestamp":1791837030011,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007480","name":"Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-PREDUCLM-16704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-PREDUCLM-16704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007480","name":"Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-PREDUCLM-15596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-PREDUCLM-15596"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007480","name":"Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-PREDUCLM-16746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-PREDUCLM-16746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Good hamstring flexibility(HF) is crucial for sports performance and health, with injuries having an economic impact on healthcare and sports teams. Therefore, our objectives were to estimate the effect of neurodynamic techniques on HF and to compare the effect of these techniques with static stretching.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We systematically searched the Cochrane, MEDLINE(via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science and Sportdiscus databases for RCTs comparing neurodynamic interventions with control intervention or with static stretching exercises for HF in adults with limited HF. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis with subgroup analyses according to the type of comparison group(control group or static stretching exercises) and total number of sessions. Furthermore, to reflect the variation in genuine therapy effects in different scenarios, including future patients, we calculated a 95% prediction interval(prI).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thirteen trials were included, involving 624 participants. Pooled results showed a significant improvement in HF for immediate (SMD = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.44 to 1.59) and short-term effects (SMD = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.90 to 1.52). Subgroup analyses by type of comparison group showed that these techniques are more effective than the control group in the immediate and short term and than static stretching in the short term. Analyses by total sessions showed a significant increase in HF with a treatment of 1, 3, 10 and 12 sessions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Neurodynamic techniques improve HF immediately and in the short term. Subgroup analyses by type of comparison group showed that these techniques are more effective than static stretching in the short term.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T18:44:57Z","timestamp":1738867497000},"page":"e0318671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Immediate and short-term effects of neurodynamic techniques on hamstring flexibility: A systematic review with meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7774-8437","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sergio","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez de Arenas-Arroyo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6121-7893","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vicente","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Vizca\u00edno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Torres-Costoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Reina-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Bizzozero-Peroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Cavero-Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0318671.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2016.1204401","article-title":"Influence of static stretching on hamstring flexibility in healthy young adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"DM Medeiros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"key":"pone.0318671.ref002","first-page":"1293","volume":"33","author":"F Garc\u00eda-Pinillos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Impact of limited hamstring flexibility on vertical jump, kicking speed, sprint, and agility in young football players"},{"key":"pone.0318671.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095359","article-title":"Hamstring injuries have increased by 4% annually in men\u2019s professional football, since 2001: a 13-year longitudinal analysis of the UEFA Elite Club injury study","volume":"50","author":"J Ekstrand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0318671.ref004","article-title":"Evidence-Based Hamstring Injury Prevention and Risk Factor Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","author":"SS Rudisill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"pone.0318671.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2005.10.002","article-title":"Management of peripheral neuropathic pain: Integrating neurobiology, neurodynamics, and clinical evidence","volume":"7","author":"RJ Nee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"pone.0318671.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10669817.2021.2001736","article-title":"Neurodynamics: is tension contentious?","volume":"30","author":"R Ellis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Man Manip Ther"},{"key":"pone.0318671.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1675770","article-title":"Neurodynamic sliders promote flexibility in tight hamstring syndrome","volume":"20","author":"R de Ridder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"pone.0318671.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1998.27.1.16","article-title":"Adverse neural tension: a factor in repetitive hamstring strain?","volume":"27","author":"SE Turl","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"pone.0318671.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2019.10.005","article-title":"Effects of neurodynamic treatment on hamstrings flexibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"L L\u00f3pez L\u00f3pez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"key":"pone.0318671.ref010","first-page":"2020","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0318671.ref011","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ WV. 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