{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:56:13Z","timestamp":1783508173133,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Frontier Research in Duo (FRiD) in Tohoku University","award":["1904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1904"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K13906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K13906"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22H04947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22H04947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23H01164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23H01164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23H01389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23H01389"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Plasma-bio Consortium","award":["01222001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01222001"]}]},{"name":"the Plasma-bio Consortium","award":["01223002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01223002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plasma technology, which can instantaneously transform air molecules into reactive species stimulating plants, potentially contributes to developing a sustainable agricultural system with high productivity and low environmental impact. In fact, plant immunity activation by exposure to a reactive gas mainly consisting of dinitrogen pentoxide (N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>) was recently discovered, while physiological responses to N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> are rarely known. Here, we demonstrate early (within 10 min) physiological responses to N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> gas in Arabidopsis. Exposure to N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> gas induced an increase in cytosolic Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration within seconds in directly exposed leaves, followed by systemic long-distance Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-based signaling within tens of seconds. In addition, jasmonic acid (JA)-related gene expression was induced within 10 minutes, and a significant upregulation of the defense-related gene <jats:italic>PDF1<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic> was observed after 1 day of exposure to N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> gas. These systemic resistant responses to N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> were found unique among air-plasma-generated species such as ozone (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) and nitric oxide (NO)\/nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). Our results provide new insights into understanding of plant physiological responses to air-derived reactive species, in addition to facilitating the development of plasma applications in agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T18:36:48Z","timestamp":1738867008000},"page":"e0318757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Induction of systemic resistance through calcium signaling in Arabidopsis exposed to air plasma-generated dinitrogen pentoxide"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1478-7700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shota","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8037-5210","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Takashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatsugu","family":"Toyota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6920-0594","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Higashitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiro","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0318757.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511546075","volume-title":"Plasma Chemistry.","author":"A. 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