{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:57:23Z","timestamp":1793833043354,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China University Industry-Academia-Research Innovation Fund--Huatong Guokang Medical Research Project","award":["2023HT033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023HT033"]}]},{"name":"2024 Henan Provincial Science and Technology Project","award":["242102311250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242102311250"]}]},{"name":"Construction of the Double First-Class Traditional Chinese Medicine Discipline Project in Henan Province--Cultivating the Innovation Ability of Graduate Students","award":["HSEP-DFCTCM-2023-8-45, HSEP-DFCTCM-2023-8-27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HSEP-DFCTCM-2023-8-45, HSEP-DFCTCM-2023-8-27"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec033\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The evidence on the relationship between insomnia and risk of dementia, Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), and Vascular dementia (VD) is not consistent. We conducted this meta-analysis to examine the evidence for the risk of developing dementia, AD, or VD in patients with all subtypes of insomnia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec034\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted using the following search strings: \u2018Insomnia OR Sleep initiation and Maintenance disorders OR Early morning awakening\u2019 AND \u2018Dementia OR Alzheimer\u2019s Disease OR Vascular Dementia\u2019 AND \u2018Risk\u2019. Data extraction was done independently by two researchers. Pooled odds ratio (OR) accompanied by 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using either a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the findings. The potential for publication bias was evaluated through Egger\u2019s test and Begg\u2019s test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec035\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis included 16 studies with a combined sample size of over 9 million individuals. Pooled analyses revealed a significant association between insomnia and dementia risk (OR\u2009=\u20091.36; 95% CI: 1.01-1.84), with increased risks for AD (OR\u2009=\u20091.52; 95% CI: 1.19-1.93) and VD (OR\u2009=\u20092.10; 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.06-2.14). Subgroup analyses showed no evidence of associations between initial insomnia (OR\u2009=\u20091.01; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.71-1.31), sleep-maintenance insomnia (OR\u2009=\u20090.88; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.66-1.17), and early morning awakening (OR\u2009=\u20090.94; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.83-1.07) with dementia risk. Insomnia patients from Europe (OR\u2009=\u20091.24; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.14-1.35), Asia (OR\u2009=\u20092.19; 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.06-2.32), and the Americas (OR\u2009=\u20091.05; 95% CI =\u2009 1.04-1.07) had varying risks of dementia. Subgroups with less than five years of follow-up (OR\u2009=\u20092.16; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.81-2.60) exhibited higher dementia risks in insomnia patients, while those with more than five years of follow-up (OR\u2009=\u20091.17; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.03-1.33) showed a lower risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec036\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our meta-analysis reveals that insomnia is linked to the risk of dementia, AD, and VD. These findings suggest that insomnia may significantly contribute to the risk of all-cause dementia, highlighting the importance of early intervention and management of insomnia. Despite our efforts to minimize and explore the sources of heterogeneity, it still remained, and therefore our results should be interpreted with caution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T13:30:02Z","timestamp":1744205402000},"page":"e0318814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Insomnia and risk of all-cause dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mingxian","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6783-2277","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanming","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0318814.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ITC33","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC201909030","article-title":"Dementia","volume":"171","author":"ES Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0318814.ref002","unstructured":"Prince M, Wimo A, Guerchet M, Ali G-C, Wu Y-T, Prina M. 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