{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:08:54Z","timestamp":1793171334616,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> is a typical opportunistic pathogen that exhibits multiple virulence factors and antibiotic resistance conditioning mechanisms. Carbapenemases are enzymes that help bacteria to exhibit the strongest resistance against antibiotics. Therefore, in routine microbiological diagnoses, it is crucial to confirm antibiotic-resistant strains, including carbapenemase-producing bacteria strains, isolated from patients. Two types of tests play an important role here: phenotypicand molecular diagnostic methods. The latter complement phenotypic tests and a mandatory procedure to confirm the detection of carbapenemases. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness and effectiveness of tests and methods used to identify and confirm the ability of clinical <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> strains to produce carbapenemases. The production of carbapenemases was assessed using phenotypic and genetic methods. The strains tested showed complete resistance to most beta-lactams and varying sensitivity to drugs from the quinolone carbapenem group and aminoglycosides. Among the most commonly produced carbapenemases were the metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) family. The most accurate phenotypic method for detecting carbapenemases was the NG CARBA-5 assay, and the PCR method confirmed these results. Notably, a few inconclusive results were obtained for NDM-positive and VIM-positive strains when the disk diffusion method and CIM test were used. Further, the Carba tube assay and the RAPIDEC CARBA NP assay produced questionable results for the OXA-48 strain group. This group also generated false-negative results on Carba\u2019s CHROM ID medium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T18:24:36Z","timestamp":1738952676000},"page":"e0318852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparative analysis of selected methods of carbapenemase determination among clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5785-9612","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Agata","family":"Pruss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicja","family":"Skierska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0016-0541","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kwiatkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Masiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Jursa-Kulesza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Giedrys-Kalemba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Bilska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Sienkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Melnyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Do\u0142\u0119gowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"pone.0318852.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6278","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176278","article-title":"The characteristic of virulence, biofilm and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"17","author":"G Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0318852.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00515","article-title":"Klebsiella pneumoniae in Singapore: Hypervirulent infections and the carbapenemase threat","volume":"7","author":"KL Chew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0318852.ref003","unstructured":"Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA, Enterobacteriaceae, Mikrobiologia, B\u0142a\u017cejewska E, 6, Elsevier Urban&Partner, Wroc\u0142aw 2011, 304\u2013305"},{"key":"pone.0318852.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.09.004","article-title":"Virulence evolution, molecular mechanisms of resistance and prevalence of ST11 carbapenem- resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in China: A review over the last 10 years","volume":"23","author":"W Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0318852.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00001-07","article-title":"Carbapenemases: the versatile beta-lactamases","volume":"20","author":"AM Queenan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0318852.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01140","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01140-18","article-title":"Phenotypic detection of carbapenemase-producing organisms from clinical isolates","volume":"56","author":"PD Tamma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0318852.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix893","article-title":"Carbapenemase-producing organisms: A global scourge","volume":"66","author":"RA Bonomo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pone.0318852.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2016.1206815","article-title":"Clinical laboratory detection of carbapenem-resistant and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae","volume":"14","author":"S Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Review of anti-infective therapy"},{"key":"pone.0318852.ref009","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Breakpoints Tables for Interpretation of MICs and Zone Diameters. 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