{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T14:56:36Z","timestamp":1775832996945,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7006485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7006485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Theileria orientalis<\/jats:italic> is a protozoan hemoparasite of cattle vectored by the rapidly emerging invasive Asian longhorned tick (<jats:italic>Haemaphysalis longicornis<\/jats:italic>). <jats:italic>Theileria<\/jats:italic>-associated bovine anemia (TABA) is easily mistaken for bovine anaplasmosis, which can lead to delayed diagnosis in areas where bovine anaplasmosis is endemic and TABA is newly emerging. Our objective was to surveil for infestation of cattle by <jats:italic>H. longicornis<\/jats:italic> and infection with <jats:italic>T. orientalis<\/jats:italic> on three Missouri cow-calf operations in counties where <jats:italic>H. longicornis<\/jats:italic> is known to be established. A total of 147 apparently healthy adult cows from 3 herds were inspected for ticks. Whole blood was collected for <jats:italic>T. orientalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Anaplasma marginale<\/jats:italic> quantitative PCR and was also used for immediate preparation of blood smears and measurement of packed cell volumes. A total of 527 ticks were collected from the cows and taxonomically identified to the species level. Eighteen <jats:italic>H. longicornis<\/jats:italic>, including 9 adult females and 9 nymphs, were collected from 16 cows (Farm A, 2 cows; Farm B, 4 cows; Farm C, 10 cows). Intraerythrocytic <jats:italic>T. orientalis<\/jats:italic> organisms were presumptively identified on blood smears from 10 cows. Quantitative PCR screening of blood samples with primers designed to amplify all <jats:italic>T. orientalis<\/jats:italic> genotypes detected 11 positive samples (Farm A, 7 cows; Farm B, 3 cows; Farm C, 1 cow). Positive samples were re-tested with probes specific for the Ikeda, Chitose, and Buffeli genotypes, which detected the Chitose genotype in 10 samples and the Ikeda genotype in 1 sample. Detection of <jats:italic>T. orientalis<\/jats:italic> with concurrent infestation of cows by <jats:italic>H. longicornis<\/jats:italic> within these 3 herds, along with collection of <jats:italic>H. longicornis<\/jats:italic> from vegetation on the premises, supports local tick-borne transmission of this emerging pathogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T21:42:49Z","timestamp":1743543769000},"page":"e0319327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Active surveillance for Theileria orientalis and the invasive Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) in three Missouri beef herds"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3330-3759","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rosalie 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