{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:26:52Z","timestamp":1790796412918,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Jumli Marshi (J. Marshi)<\/jats:italic>, a native rice cultivar in Nepal, is gaining popularity owing to its health benefits for obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. However, scientific evidence verifying its therapeutic potential is lacking until November 2024. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the phytoconstituents and evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties of <jats:italic>J. Marshi,<\/jats:italic> along with its ADME toxicity profile, using both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> approaches. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of a 70% methanol extract from <jats:italic>J. Marshi<\/jats:italic> identified ten plant-based compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and \u03b3-oryzanol. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant properties, neutralizing DPPH free radicals with a fifty-percentage inhibitory concentration (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) of 42.65 \u00b1 3.9 \u00b5g\/mL, compared to ascorbic acid\u2019s IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 4.12 \u00b1 0.7 \u00b5g\/mL. It also showed antibacterial activity against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 7 to 11\u2009mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.56\u2009mg\/mL, compared to standard antibiotics meropenem (ZOI: 24 \u00b1 1.6\u2009mm; MIC: 1.56\u2009mg\/mL). The enzymatic assay demonstrated that the <jats:italic>J. Marshi<\/jats:italic> extract inhibits fifty percent of enzyme activity at a concentration (EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) of &gt; 1000 \u00b5g\/mL for <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-amylase and 250 \u00b1 2.5 \u00b5g\/mL for <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-glucosidase, in contrast to the standard acarbose, exhibiting an EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 35.5 \u00b1 1.5 \u00b5g\/mL for <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-amylase and 189.5 \u00b1 1.9 \u00b5g\/mL for <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-glucosidase. <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic> docking studies revealed strong interactions of rice phytoconstituents with target protein catalytic residues, particularly gamma-oryzanol for <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-amylase (\u221210.0 kcal\/mol) and chlorogenic acid for <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-glucosidase (\u22127.7 kcal\/mol), compared to acarbose (\u22126.9 to \u22127.1 kcal\/mol). ADME toxicity analysis suggested that tricin and gamma-oryzanol had the best drug-likeness and safety profiles. To our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the presence of bioactive phenolic acids and flavonoids. Furthermore, it offers scientific evidence supporting significant antioxidant and <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>-glucosidase-inhibitory properties, confirming the potential applications of <jats:italic>J. Marshi<\/jats:italic> rice as a functional food used for the management of diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T20:04:06Z","timestamp":1741637046000},"page":"e0319338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["LC-MS analysis and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activity of Jumli Marshi rice from Nepal: An in vitro and in silico investigation to validate their potential as a functional food"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8722-7294","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ram Kishor","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rekha","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harish","family":"Babu P C","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4782-5013","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Prabhat Kumar","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1123-2806","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bipindra","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sindhu","family":"KC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddha Raj","family":"Upadhaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushil","family":"Panta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajan Lal","family":"Shyaula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khem Raj","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0319338.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-021-05193-3","article-title":"Functional foods and their impact on health","volume":"60","author":"MM Essa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"pone.0319338.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(03)00032-5","article-title":"Biochemical pharmacology of functional foods and prevention of chronic diseases of aging","volume":"57","author":"CKB Ferrari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0319338.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2017.1401573","article-title":"Functional foods and nutraceuticals as dietary intervention in chronic diseases; novel perspectives for health promotion and disease prevention","volume":"15","author":"SA Adefegha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Diet Suppl"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0319338.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121310","article-title":"functional foods and lifestyle approaches for diabetes prevention and management","volume":"9","author":"A Alkhatib","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0319338.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092688","article-title":"Evaluation of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruits from different varieties in China","volume":"27","author":"T Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"pone.0319338.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2021.e01091","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant and antifungal activities of Rhizophora racemosa G.F.W. 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