{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:29:13Z","timestamp":1792189753137,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021494","name":"Skaraborg Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23\/1007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23\/1007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Skaraborg research and development council","award":["VGFOUSKB-869761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGFOUSKB-869761"]}]},{"name":"Skaraborg research and development council","award":["VGFOUSKB-869761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VGFOUSKB-869761"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>\nAims\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The aim of the study was to investigate the association between breastfeeding duration and body mass index (BMI), overweight and obesity in children during follow-up until 16 years of age.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>\nMethods\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Observational cohort study of mothers and their children born 1999\u20132000 in a municipality in southwestern Sweden. Data were retrieved from antenatal clinics, primary care child health care centres and school health care. The study exposure was breastfeeding duration measured in months and categorised by duration &lt;\u20096 months and \u2265\u20096 months. The study outcomes were development of BMI, and overweight and obesity according to ISO-BMI.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>\nResults\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study population comprised 312 mothers and their 319 children of whom 120 were breastfed &lt;\u20096 months and 199 \u2265\u20096 months. The overall partial or exclusive median breastfeeding duration was 6.5 months. No associations were found between breastfeeding duration in months and BMI in unadjusted (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.70) and adjusted (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.92) linear mixed-effects models with repeated BMI recordings at approximately 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 years. Further, no associations were found in subgroup analyses for girls and boys. The adjusted analyses were adjusted for maternal age, smoking, BMI and parity, and for the child\u2019s sex, gestational age at birth and birth weight. Unadjusted logistic mixed-effects models with repeated ISO-BMI classifications at approximately 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 years showed no associations between breastfeeding duration (\u22656 months versus &lt;\u20096 months) and overweight or obesity as compared to underweight or normal weight, in total (odds ratio 1.46, 95% confidence interval 0.69\u20133.08) or in boys and girls separately.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>\nConclusions\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We found no association between breastfeeding duration and childhood and adolescence BMI up to 16 years of age or the development of overweight or obesity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T17:26:23Z","timestamp":1741800383000},"page":"e0319502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lack of association between breastfeeding duration and body mass index in children and adolescents \u2013 A Swedish cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Orsolya","family":"Haahr Vad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"\u00d6nnestam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Bengtsson Bostr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Jolesj\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Sandeg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1419-8460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tobias","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0319502.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00047-X","article-title":"Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management","volume":"10","author":"H Jebeile","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0319502.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13535","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13535","article-title":"Economic burden of childhood overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"J Ling","year":"2023","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"14","key":"pone.0319502.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803527","article-title":"Acceleration of BMI in Early Childhood and Risk of Sustained Obesity","volume":"379","author":"M Geserick","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0319502.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20173034","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-3034","article-title":"Stigma Experienced by Children and Adolescents With Obesity","volume":"140","author":"SJ Pont","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0319502.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-021-00439-9","article-title":"Adolescent and Childhood Obesity and Excess Morbidity and Mortality in Young Adulthood-a Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"A Horesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Obes Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0319502.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1159\/000526406","article-title":"Adherence to Treatment Recommendations in Chronic Disease: What Is (Im)Possible? 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