{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T04:10:05Z","timestamp":1746245405539,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) and the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs","award":["RMIS_0033 Project 16\/RD\/US-ROI\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RMIS_0033 Project 16\/RD\/US-ROI\/11"]}]},{"name":"United States Department for Agriculture\u2019s National Institute for Food and Agriculture","award":["2017-67015-26760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-67015-26760"]}]},{"name":"United States Department for Agriculture\u2019s National Institute for Food and Agriculture","award":["2017-67015-26760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-67015-26760"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bovine alphaherpesvirus one (BoHV-1) is a primary cause of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle. The transcriptomic responses of key respiratory and immune associated tissues of dairy calves following experimental challenge with BoHV-1 are unknown. Thus, the study objective was to examine the gene expression profiles of multiple tissue types from dairy calves following an infectious challenge with BoHV-1. Holstein-Friesian bull calves (mean age \u00b1\u2009 SD 149.2 days \u00b1\u2009 23.8; mean weight \u00b1\u2009 SD 174.6\u2009kg \u00b1\u2009 21.3\u2009kg were challenged with either BoHV-1 inoculate (6.3 \u00d7\u2009 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\/mL \u00d7\u2009 1.35mL) (n =\u2009 12) or sterile phosphate buffered saline (n =\u2009 6). Animals were euthanised on day 6 post-challenge and tissue samples collected, including bronchial (BLN) and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN), pharyngeal tonsil (PGT) and healthy (HL) and lesioned right cranial lung (LL). Total RNA was extracted and libraries sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Differential expression analysis was conducted using edgeR and pathways analysed using DAVID. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted separately for each tissue type to identify networks significantly associated with BoHV-1 infection. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in all tissues (P &lt;\u2009 0.05, FDR &lt;\u2009 0.1, FC &gt;\u2009 2). Thirty-three DEGs were common to all tissues and enriched pathways included Influenza A and Herpes simplex 1 infection (P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, FDR\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Modules enriched for antiviral and innate immune processes were identified for each tissue type. Of the 33 DEGs common to all tissues, 26 were also identified as hub genes in the blood (blue) module. Our use of a controlled experimental challenge allowed for improved understanding of the immune response of dairy calves to a BoHV-1 infection. Furthermore, discovering DEGs that are common to all tissues, including whole blood, indicates future focus areas in research surrounding BRD diagnostic biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T17:23:12Z","timestamp":1746206592000},"page":"e0319575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Examination of the lung and lymphoid tissue mRNA transcriptome response in dairy calves following experimental challenge with bovine alphaherpesvirus one (BoHV-1)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7653-4621","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephanie","family":"O\u2019Donoghue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Earley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dayle","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Finnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Louise","family":"Cosby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9844-1573","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ken","family":"Lemon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"McMenamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy F.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek W.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4597-6624","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sin\u00e9ad 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