{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:22:11Z","timestamp":1789402931488,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province, China","award":["202101AU070258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AU070258"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province, China","award":["202201AY070001-008\/202401AY070001-091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202201AY070001-008\/202401AY070001-091"]}]},{"name":"Department of Education of Yunnan Province, China","award":["2023J0256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J0256"]}]},{"name":"Department of Education of Yunnan Province, China","award":["JG2023001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JG2023001"]}]},{"name":"Department of Education of Yunnan Province, China","award":["JG2023001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JG2023001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed the mechanism of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for improving the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) injury rats by regulating the intestinal microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After 1, 2, and 3 weeks of TENS treatment, the improvement of CFL injury rats model and the expressions of IL-1\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB\/IL-17 signaling pathway were measured. Then the intestinal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing and its functions related to improve CFL injury rat were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TENS could improved the athletic ability of CFL injury rats and reduced the expressions of IL-1\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB by regulating the IL-17 signaling pathway. By 16S rDNA sequencing analysis, the TENS treatment improved the intestinal\u00a0dysbacteriosisof CFL injury rats and decrease pathogenic bacteria\n                      <jats:italic>Ruminococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Dubosiella<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The changed intestinal microbiota maybe relative with the ankle injury, whereas the increase in probiotics (\n                      <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was relative with anti-inflammation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TENS could down-regulate the expressions of IL-1\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB to improve CFL injury rat. TENS could change the intestinal microbiota of CFL rats and the changed bacteria whose function related to anti-inflammation could improve CFL rat. The intestinal microbiota could become a potential treatment for CFL injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T15:31:51Z","timestamp":1743694311000},"page":"e0319592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["TENS improves CFL injury rat and regulates the intestinal 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