{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:39:33Z","timestamp":1787319573178,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recognizing familiar faces and identifying emotions through facial expressions are essential for social functioning. This study aimed to examine whether people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (PwMS) differ from healthy control individuals (HC) in their performance on different tasks related to facial emotion processing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cross-sectional controlled study, 30 PwMS and 35 HC completed a baseline neuropsychological evaluation and experimental tasks assessing visual exploration of facial stimuli through eye tracking, facial emotion recognition, and facial memory recognition. The facial stimuli displayed either a neutral expression or an emotion (happiness, fear, or disgust).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PwMS and HC performed comparably in facial emotion recognition. In facial memory recognition, HC were significantly more accurate in recognizing previously seen fearful faces compared to neutral faces (Wilcoxon test,\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009-2.26,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024), demonstrating emotional enhancement of memory. In contrast, PwMS did not exhibit a memory advantage for fearful faces over neutral faces (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Groups also differed in the eye-tracking task. In all but one condition (disgust), PwMS showed a significantly greater tendency to explore the eye area rather than the mouth area compared to HC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes in visual exploration and a lack of emotional enhancement of memory are observed in PwMS, who otherwise demonstrate intact facial emotion recognition. These results suggest altered emotion-cognition interactions in PwMS. Early detection of subtle changes and targeted interventions may help prevent future debilitating impairments in social functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0319967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T17:45:59Z","timestamp":1744047959000},"page":"e0319967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Face exploration, emotion recognition, and emotional enhancement of memory in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Goettfried","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6909-6109","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert","family":"Barket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronen","family":"Hershman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarete","family":"Delazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2755-2043","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Klaus","family":"Berek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Ellmerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5699-9077","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Barbara","family":"Seebacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Hegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Di Pauli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4541-8841","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Florian","family":"Deisenhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1640-4179","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura","family":"Zamarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0319967.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2019.104166","article-title":"Emotion recognition ability: Evidence for a supramodal factor and its links to social cognition","volume":"197","author":"HL Connolly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0319967.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617708080703","article-title":"Emotion perception deficits following traumatic brain injury: a review of the evidence and rationale for intervention","volume":"14","author":"C Bornhofen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"pone.0319967.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295608","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1295608","article-title":"A neurophysiological signature of dynamic emotion recognition associated with social communication skills and cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in children","volume":"17","author":"D Sousa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0319967.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020752","article-title":"Specific impairments of emotion perception in multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"LH Phillips","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0319967.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073914536449","article-title":"Current emotion research in cognitive neuroscience: Linking enhancing and impairing effects of emotion on cognition","volume":"6","author":"F Dolcos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emotion Review"},{"key":"pone.0319967.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.06.010","article-title":"Attention and emotion: An integrative review of emotional face processing as a function of attention","volume":"130","author":"S Schindler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"pone.0319967.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2017.04.016","article-title":"Gaze matters! 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