{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:16:33Z","timestamp":1778732193140,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014809","name":"Technology Agency of the Czech Republic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CK01000210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CK01000210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigates the safety risks of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) collisions with humans, focusing on impact dynamics through controlled crash testing. Utilizing a custom-designed drop mechanism, 49 impact tests were conducted on a Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device at various velocities and kinetic energies (7\u201324 m\/s and 1\u2013280 J). Tested UASs included a range of designs and weights (20\u2009g to over 1\u2009kg). Results demonstrated limitations in using kinetic energy models and peak head acceleration for injury prediction. The Head Injury Criterion showed greater consistency, reflecting the temporal profile of impacts. Findings revealed that UAS structural fragility reduces energy transfer at higher impacts through deformation and fracturing. This work underscores the need for improved testing protocols and nuanced safety standards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T18:42:24Z","timestamp":1743100944000},"page":"e0320073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact analysis assessment of UAS collision with a human body"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3556-6410","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zden\u011bk","family":"Svat\u00fd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6463-848X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pavel","family":"Vrtal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Mi\u010dunek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Kohout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0428-3514","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lubo\u0161","family":"Nouzovsk\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Frydr\u00fdn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Blodek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karel","family":"Koci\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0320073.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-017-1921-6","article-title":"Ranges of injury risk associated with impact from unmanned aircraft systems","volume":"45","author":"ET Campolettano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"pone.0320073.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2018.04.021","article-title":"Weight threshold estimation of falling UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) based on impact energy","volume":"93","author":"CH Koh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trans Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0320073.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1080\/13588265.2020.1807687","article-title":"Modelling head injury due to unmanned aircraft systems collision: crash dummy vs human body","volume":"27","author":"B Rattanagraikanakorn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Crashworthiness"},{"key":"pone.0320073.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arterburn DR, Duling CT, Goli NR. 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