{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T18:10:09Z","timestamp":1745518209104,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities of Henan Province in China","award":["25A170003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25A170003"]}]},{"name":"Soft Science Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province","award":["222400410186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222400410186"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012337","name":"Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of Xinyang Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the passage of tropical cyclones (TCs) cause severe disturbances in the upper ocean, especially the TC main development region (MDR) (5\u00b0-23\u00b0N, 127\u00b0-160\u00b0E) in the Western North Pacific. The main attributes affecting the upper ocean disturbance were selected and weighted by the CRITIC weight method. An upper ocean disturbance (UOD) index with TCs intensity factors (MSW, V<jats:sub>h<\/jats:sub>), ocean dynamic factors (SSC, RV, EPV) and ocean thermal factors (\u0394SST, \u0394MLD) was established. The change of UOD index in different time scales was analyzed by calculating each TC accumulation, monthly accumulation, and Interannual accumulation. The UOD index was closely related to the ENSO (El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation) climate anomaly, and their interannual correlation was as high as 0.83. Generally, the UOD index was higher in El Ni\u00f1o years and lower in La Ni\u00f1a years. In the past 10 years, the ocean thermal factors of UOD index have been increasing, especially in La Ni\u00f1a years. This is mainly due to the increasing SST, decreasing MLD and seawater salinity in recent years, which have changed upper ocean stratification. These results offer insights for the comprehensive analysis of the response and variation trend of the upper ocean to TC in the MDR of the Western North Pacific in recent years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T17:28:42Z","timestamp":1745515722000},"page":"e0320143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changes of upper ocean disturbance caused by tropical cyclones in the Western North Pacific main development region 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