{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T22:47:00Z","timestamp":1768776420970,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union - Next Generation EU - NRRP M6C2","award":["PNRR-MCNT2-2023-12378303 CUP J83C23001210007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR-MCNT2-2023-12378303 CUP J83C23001210007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec018\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is based on the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent contrast and has been exploited for the indirect study of the neuronal activity within both the brain and the spinal cord. However, the interpretation of spinal cord fMRI (scfMRI) is still controversial and its adoption is rather restricted\u00a0because of technical limitations. Overcoming these limitations would have a beneficial effect for the assessment and follow-up of spinal injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec019\">\n<jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study was aimed at systematically verifying whether sagittal scanning in scfMRI using EPI readout is a viable alternative to the more common axial scanning, and at optimizing a pipeline for EPI-based scfMRI data analysis, based on Spinal Cord Toolbox (SCT).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec020\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Forty-five healthy subjects underwent MRI acquisition in a Philips Achieva 3T MRI scanner. T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>*-weighted fMRI data were acquired using a GE-EPI sequence along sagittal and axial planes during an isometric motor task. Differences on benchmarks were assessed via paired two-sample t-test at p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec021\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We investigated the impact of the acquisition strategy by means of various metrics such as <jats:italic>Temporal Signal to Noise Ratio (tSNR)<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Dice Coefficient to assess geometric distortions, Reproducibility<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>BOLD signal sensitivity to the stimulus<\/jats:italic>. tSNR was higher in axial than in sagittal scans, as well as reproducibility within the whole cord mask (t\u2009=\u20097.4, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and within the GM mask (t\u2009=\u20094.2, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The other benchmarks, associated with distortion and functional response, showed no difference between images obtained along the axial and sagittal planes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec022\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Quantitative metrics of data quality suggest that axial scanning would be the optimal choice. We conclude that axial acquisition is advantageous specially to mitigate the effects of physiological noise and to minimize inter-subject variance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T17:57:39Z","timestamp":1747072659000},"page":"e0320188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of scanning plane on Human Spinal Cord functional Magnetic Resonance echo planar imaging"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Moraschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9088-7968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Silvia","family":"Tommasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Maugeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"DiNuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Cohen-Adad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Masullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Mangini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Giovannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Mascali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Gili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Pisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Nocentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Giove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Fratini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0320188.ref001","volume-title":"Neuroanatomy, Central Nervous System (CNS). 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