{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T13:21:13Z","timestamp":1772025673129,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec016\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Urinary tract infections (UTI\u2019s) imply the invasion and multiplication of bacteria in the individual\u2019s urinary tract, the incidence of UTI\u2019s is mainly determined by sex and age being the highest in pregnant females. <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> is the most frequently encountered causative agent of UTI\u2019s and recent data depict an increase in antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec017\">\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aims to identify the most common pathogens associated with UTI\u2019s in pregnant women and children and to reveal the resistance patterns, and effective treatments and to detect resistance genes in <jats:italic>E. coli.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec018\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study was conducted in public-teaching Hospitals in northern Jordan during the period from the 1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> of March 2024 to the 5<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> of April 2024. Urine samples were collected in a sterile urine container or using a special tube for pediatric samples. Each sample was cultivated on MacConkey, blood and mannitol salt agar plates, all plates were incubated aerobically at 37\u00b0C for 24 hours and identified using standard microbiological protocols. All isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to confirm all <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates by the detection of universal stress protein (uspA) gene and to detect ES\u03b2L genes TEM, SHV CTX-M.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec019\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Eight bacterial species were identified, 75% (6\/8) Gram Negative, 25% (2\/8) Gram Positive). <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> was the most frequently isolated species 71.4% (50\/70) followed by <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> 10% (7\/70), <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic> 5.7% (4\/70, <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic> 4.3% (3\/70), <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic> 2.9% (3\/70), <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> 2.9% (3\/70), <jats:italic>Lelliottia amnigena<\/jats:italic> 1.4% (1\/70) and <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic> 1.4% (1\/70). All 50 biochemically confirmed <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates were also confirmed using uspA gene. Three resistance genes TEM, SHV and CTX-M were detected using polymerase chain reaction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec020\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> was the most frequently isolated species followed by <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, this result may indicate that <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> is becoming increasingly common as an etiological agent of UTI. A high resistance toward Amoxicillin- Clavulanic Acid was found among <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates, while multiple antibiotic\/drug resistance was 62%. These results highlight the need to adhere to the therapeutic guidelines in treating UTI\u2019s and other infections and not overuse antibiotics to prevent the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T20:13:02Z","timestamp":1743451982000},"page":"e0320292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ES\u03b2L)-producing E. coli causing urinary tract infection among pregnant women and pediatric patients in public hospitals in northern Jordan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8952-7295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Waleed","family":"Al Momani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4416-9858","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ayah","family":"Elayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rama","family":"Al Titi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Malkawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leen","family":"Al momani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1608-2154","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Al-Magableh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0320292.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajls.20140202.12","article-title":"prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of urinary tract Infection(UTI) among pregnant women in Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria","volume":"2","author":"OS Chukwudozie","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJLS"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0320292.ref002","first-page":"400.e1","article-title":"Recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection","volume":"90","author":"RP P\u00e9rez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anales de Pediatr\u00eda"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0320292.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028","article-title":"Torella, Urinary tract infections in women","volume":"156","author":"S. 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