{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T04:07:50Z","timestamp":1743134870444,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Terrestrial mollusks are common agricultural pests that often infest crops for a long time during the growth stage and create holes or notches in vegetable leaves, especially seedlings and young leaves. In this study, a solid dispersion (SD) of Euptox A and polyethylene glycol-4000 was prepared via the melting method. The drug-to-carrier ratio, melting temperature, and cooling temperature of Euptox A SD were optimized. Euptox A SD was tested against <jats:italic>Bradybaena ravida<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Limax maximus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Oncomelania hupensis<\/jats:italic> for 48 and 72\u2009h. The toxicity of Euptox A SD was equivalent to that of 10%Meta, a traditional chemical softener. Moreover, the rate of apoptosis in human liver cells (L02) caused by Euptox A SD was low. The toxicity of Euptox A SD to <jats:italic>Pheretima tschiliensis<\/jats:italic> was low, and the normal development of <jats:italic>Brassica campestris<\/jats:italic> was not affected. These results indicate that Euptox A SD can be used as an alternative molluscicidal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T18:11:14Z","timestamp":1743099074000},"page":"e0320743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preparation of a solid dispersion of Euptox A and evaluation of its biological activity and safety"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6496-9350","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haojun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Runa","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhili","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5858-8463","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenlong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0320743.ref001","first-page":"7","article-title":"Prediction of suitable growth area of invasive plant Ageratina adenophora in Guizhou","volume":"41","author":"S Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Forest Pests and Diseases in China"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0320743.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s41348-016-0006-3","article-title":"Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of 9-oxo-10,11-dehydroageraphorone extracted from Eupatorium adenophorum","volume":"123","author":"X Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Plant Dis Prot"},{"key":"pone.0320743.ref003","article-title":"Biological properties of active compounds from Ageratina adenophora","volume":"11","author":"W Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0320743.ref004","first-page":"4","article-title":"Current situation of invasion and control of Ageratina adenophora and research progress of bioactive substances","volume":"49","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anhui Agric Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0320743.ref005","first-page":"6","article-title":"Study on antioxidant activity of alien invasive species Ageratina adenophora","volume":"39","author":"C Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem Biol Eng"},{"key":"pone.0320743.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0970-4","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of 9-oxo-10, 11-dehydroageraphorone extracted from Eupatorium adenophorum against Psoroptes cuniculi in rabbits","volume":"10","author":"Y Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"pone.0320743.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.03.020","article-title":"Larvicidal activity of Ipomoea cairica (L.) 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