{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T11:27:18Z","timestamp":1781522838580,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec016\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a major renal disease is increasing rapidly. The progression of CKD may lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Current diagnostic and prognostic methods still have some limitations. This study aims to evaluate the potential and predictive ability of Osteopontin (OPN), Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and Fetuin-A on the incidence of ESRD in CKD patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec017\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out based on the PRISMA guideline on registered databases for studies published up to December 21, 2023. The concentrations of each marker were then reported in pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and hazard ratio (HR). Subgroup analysis was performed based on age, location, and KIM-1 specimen.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec018\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We included 21 studies involving 15,983 patients. Meta-analysis revealed that increasing OPN (SMD = 5.52, 95% CI = 1.59\u20139.44, p = 0.01) and KIM-1 (SMD = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.50\u20132.39, p = 0.0027), as well as decreasing Fetuin-A level (SMD = -1.31, 95% CI = -2.37 \u2013 -0.26, p = 0.01) were significant in CKD patients with ESRD. Chronic kidney disease patients with increased KIM-1 levels showed 1.13 times increased risk of ESRD (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.10\u20131.17, p &lt;0.0001). Subgroup analysis showed that increased KIM-1 in urine or blood was strongly associated with ESRD, and decreased Fetuin-A levels in Asians had a significant association with the incidence of ESRD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec019\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Osteopontin, KIM-1, and Fetuin-A significantly reflect ESRD in CKD patients, making them potential prognostic indicators.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T17:36:54Z","timestamp":1744220214000},"page":"e0320804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Osteopontin, kidney injury molecule-1, and fetuin-A as prognostic markers of end-stage renal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yongki","family":"Welliam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bendix Samarta","family":"Witarto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Visuddho","family":"Visuddho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5180-957X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Citrawati Dyah Kencono","family":"Wungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raden Mohammad","family":"Budiarto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendri","family":"Susilo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1965-8788","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chaq El Chaq Zamzam","family":"Multazam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0320804.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.11.003","article-title":"KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of blood pressure in chronic kidney disease","volume":"99","author":"AK Cheung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"10225","key":"pone.0320804.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0320804.ref003","first-page":"1048","article-title":"A single number for advocacy and communication\u2014worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases","volume":"96","author":"KJ Jager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney IntAvailable from"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0320804.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1159\/000534071","article-title":"Disease burden and epidemiological trends of chronic kidney disease at the global, regional, national levels from 1990 to 2019","volume":"148","author":"M Ying","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"pone.0320804.ref005","article-title":"Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)","volume-title":"Nomenclature for Kidney Function and Disease. 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