{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T20:11:41Z","timestamp":1787256701770,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>\nBackground\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Necrotizing enterocolitis (NE), which is common in premature babies, has been associated with lung damage. Our aim is to explore the effect of enterally administered extra virgin olive oil (EO) with rich polyphenol content on clinical parameters, histopathological score, <jats:italic>Transforming growt factor beta-1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>TGF\u03b21<\/jats:italic>), Caspase 3 and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in NE-related lung injury of neonatal rats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>\nMethods\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Three groups (control, NE, NE+EO) were created, with 8 neonatal rats in each group. NE was induced by hypoxia-hyperoxia-hypothermia and formula feeding. EO was given to the treatment group by orogastric probe for 3 days. Intestinal and lung tissue were excised for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>\nResults\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>TGF\u03b21<\/jats:italic> expression levels, TGF\u03b21 and MDA concentration levels were higher in the NE compared to NE +\u2009 EO and control groups (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and their levels decreased after EO treatment compared to the NE group (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). It was determined that EO treatment significantly reduced the histopathological damage and the caspase-3 (CASP3) expression level in the lung (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>\nConclusion\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our findings emphasize that <jats:italic>TGF\u00df1<\/jats:italic> has an crucial function in NE-related lung injury and that EO has therapeutic potential in NE-related lung injury.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T17:22:02Z","timestamp":1744737722000},"page":"e0320938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Extra virgin olive oil mitigates lung injury in necrotizing enterocolitis: Effects on TGF\u03b21, Caspase-3, and MDA in a neonatal rat 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