{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T19:30:38Z","timestamp":1785007838471,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P0025271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0025271"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Lactobacillus johnsonii<\/jats:italic> is a commensal bacterium isolated from the vaginal and gastrointestinal tracts of vertebrate hosts, including humans. It is a potential anti-inflammatory bacterium. As reported in many animal studies, <jats:italic>L. johnsonii<\/jats:italic> supplementation reduces inflammation in the intestine and enhances the epithelial barrier. However, in this study, we observed immunostimulatory effects of heat-killed <jats:italic>L. johnsonii<\/jats:italic> JERA01 (LJ) supplementation on antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, in mice. LJ pretreatment increased the expression of maturation markers and TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-12p40 production in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages (BMDCs and BMDMs). Co-culture of LJ-pretreated BMDCs or BMDMs with lymphocytes enhanced IFN-\u03b3 production <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Oral LJ (10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> CFU) supplementation induced macrophage infiltration into the peritoneal cavity and Peyer\u2019s patch at 12-h after administration, resulting in an increase in the population of IFN-\u03b3-producing T cells in the Peyer\u2019s patch. Our investigation revealed the effects of LJ, which activates macrophages and increases the Th-1 T cell population in the intestine, implying the possibility of using <jats:italic>L. johnsonii<\/jats:italic> as an immune stimulator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T17:38:16Z","timestamp":1745516296000},"page":"e0320946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lactobacillus johnsonii JERA01 activates macrophages and increases Th-1 T cell population in mouse small intestine"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"So 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