{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:02:48Z","timestamp":1787022168595,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004387","name":"Cargill","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004387","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Diamond V Original XPC\u00ae is a\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    fermentation-derived postbiotic technology (SCFP) designed to interact synergistically with the animal to provide health benefits by enhancing immune function, supporting digestive integrity and absorption, and maintaining gastrointestinal (GIT) microbial balance in the host. The current study investigated the effects of 1.25% SCFP on multidrug-resistant (MDR)\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovars:\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium (ATCC 14028),\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Enteritidis,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Infantis,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Heidelberg,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium DT104, and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Reading, and shifts in cecal microbiota populations. Using an anaerobic\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    poultry cecal model, cecal contents were inoculated with ~\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    colony forming units (CFU) of MDR\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovars and incubated for 24\u2009h at 37\u00b0C anaerobically. The treatments included: control group consisting of 0.2\u2009g of crushed poultry feed, and a treatment group 0.25\u2009g of feed +\u2009 1.25% inclusion of Original XPC\u00ae (SCFP). The SCFP significantly reduced five of the six serovars:\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium ATCC,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Enteritidis,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Infantis,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Heidelberg, and S. Reading (P &lt;\u2009 0.05). Time significantly impacted\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium DT104 reduction (P &lt;\u2009 0.001). The most significant decrease was observed for\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Enteritidis (3.9 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    CFU\/mL), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Heidelberg (3.8 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    CFU\/mL),\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Infantis (3.4 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    CFU\/mL),\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium ATCC (3 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    CFU\/mL), and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Reading (1.8 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    CFU\/mL) compared to controls that averaged approximately 1 log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    CFU\/mL reduction. Microbiota analysis at 24\u2009h involved genomic DNA extraction, amplification using custom dual-indexed primers, and sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequencing data were analyzed using QIIME2-2021.11.\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Infantis and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Heidelberg inoculated samples were the only groups that significantly enhanced microbial richness and evenness with SCFP addition at 24\u2009h (P &lt;\u2009 0.05). Pairwise comparisons revealed that samples inoculated with\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Reading and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium DT104 exhibited a minor change in microbial composition with SCFP, compared to other serovars that demonstrated increased microbial diversity with SCFP. Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Infantis and\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Heidelberg inoculated samples exhibited phylogenetic diversity and microbial abundance with SCFP compared to controls at 24\u2009h (P &lt;\u2009 0.05).\n                    <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    CHKCI001 was significantly more abundant in SCFP-treated samples compared to controls (ANCOM, P &lt;\u2009 0.05), suggesting SCFP impact on cecal fermenters and production of fermentation end products that may impact the ecosystem and inhibit pathogen growth. Although various serovars may exhibit somewhat different responses, SCFP effectively mitigated multiple MDR serovars of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    under\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    incubation conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0320977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T15:15:33Z","timestamp":1743693333000},"page":"e0320977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Potential of saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation-derived postbiotic technology in mitigating multiple drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars in an in vitro broiler cecal model"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Elena G.","family":"Olson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana K.","family":"Dittoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4707-4854","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"W. Evan","family":"Chaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Binnebose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3584-9915","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steven C.","family":"Ricke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0320977.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520179","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/520179","article-title":"Salmonella enterica: survival, colonization, and virulence differences among serovars","author":"A Andino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci World J"},{"issue":"02","key":"pone.0320977.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.4236\/aim.2022.122005","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility pattern and 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