{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T04:14:40Z","timestamp":1744863280973,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N42A650360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A650360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Instability catch (IC) during active forward bending is an aberrant movement pattern observed in patients with low back pain. Increasing load and speed may show different responses in kinematics and motor unit behavior including peak amplitudes (pAMP) and mean firing rates (mFR).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to compare kinematic patterns under different loads and speeds and explored the motor unit behavior in individuals with and without IC.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>17 participants were classified as having IC and 10 participants were classified as having no IC from clinical observations. Inertial measurement units were used to quantify kinematic parameters, and decomposition electromyography (dEMG) was used to investigate motor unit behavior. Participants performed 2 sets of 1-minute forward bending under low load and low speed (LL), high load and low speed (HL), and low load and high speed (LH) conditions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Significant between-group differences (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) were found in kinematic parameters. Significant within-group changes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) were found between the LL and HL conditions for all kinematic parameters in individuals with IC. Individuals without IC demonstrated significant within-group changes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) between LL and LH in mFR, while individuals without IC showed changes in both pAMP and mFR.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These kinematic parameters may represent IC. Changes in motor unit behavior suggest that individuals with and without IC used different strategies to perform this task. Clinicians may consider varying the speed of movement to challenge the trunk neuromuscular control system and design interventions to address motor unit firing rate.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T17:41:17Z","timestamp":1744825277000},"page":"e0321084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trunk kinematics and motor unit behavior during different loads and speeds in individuals with and without aberrant movement patterns during active forward bending: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8691-0125","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peemongkon","family":"Wattananon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sasithorn","family":"Kongoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katayan","family":"Klahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4120-5358","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sheri P.","family":"Silfies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Gilliam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4004-3115","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jim","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0321084.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.4988","article-title":"Clinical observation of standing trunk movements: what do the aberrant movement patterns tell us?","volume":"44","author":"SA Biely","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"pone.0321084.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-229","article-title":"Comparing lumbo-pelvic kinematics in people with and without back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"RA Laird","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321084.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1142\/S1013702520500043","article-title":"Association between lumbopelvic motion and muscle activation in patients with non-specific low back pain during forward bending task: A cross-sectional study","volume":"40","author":"P Wattananon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hong Kong Physiother J"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0321084.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.12.002","article-title":"Why do some patients keep hurting their back? 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