{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:05:34Z","timestamp":1793019934663,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Optimism is the generalized sense that good things will happen in the future, and people higher in optimism typically experience a host of positive personal and relational outcomes. However, when ostensibly important life events happen to optimists and pessimists, they rarely change their perspective about the future. One potential reason optimists are resilient to life circumstances is that they might vary in how they perceive those circumstances. Another source of confusion is whether these perceptions are driven by optimistic thinking per se or the <jats:italic>lack of<\/jats:italic> pessimistic thinking. In the current study, we examined how optimists and pessimists differ in their perceptions of life events in a large sample (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> =\u2009 929) of college students answering questions about hypothetical life events. The pessimism scale largely drove perceptions that life events are unlikely to change someone\u2019s personality, such that the four findings from the composite scale were found for the pessimism subscale but only two were found for the optimism subscale. Nevertheless, pessimists tended to think that life events were unlikely to change their worldview, were more externally controlled, were less emotionally significant, and were more likely to negatively affect their social standing. Aside from these aggregate findings, optimism and pessimism were not systematically and consistently related to the perceptions of particular life events. These findings provide additional context for individual differences in life event perceptions and provide some future directions for why life events either do or do not motivate changes in optimism and pessimism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T21:38:55Z","timestamp":1743543535000},"page":"e0321128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimism\/pessimism and associations with life event perceptions"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Marcus A.","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1748-8738","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"William J.","family":"Chopik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0321128.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1257","article-title":"Coping with stress: divergent strategies of optimists and pessimists","volume":"51","author":"MF Scheier","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321128.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.44","article-title":"The future of optimism","volume":"55","author":"C Peterson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0321128.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prps.2012.02.002","article-title":"Seeing the glass half full: A review of the causes and consequences of optimism","volume":"18","author":"MJC Forgeard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pratiques Psychologiques"},{"key":"pone.0321128.ref004","article-title":"Optimism: Enduring resource or miscalibrated perception?","author":"M Purol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social and Personality Psychology Compass"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321128.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.91.1.143","article-title":"Optimism in close relationships: How seeing things in a positive light makes them so","volume":"91","author":"S Srivastava","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0321128.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1177\/02654075221118663","article-title":"Optimism, relationship quality, and problem solving discussions: A daily diary study","volume":"40","author":"KE Leahy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Soc Person Relat"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0321128.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000384","article-title":"Dispositional optimism and physical health: a long look back, a quick look forward","volume":"73","author":"MF Scheier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321128.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww182","article-title":"Optimism and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study","volume":"185","author":"ES Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0321128.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2022.104237","article-title":"Health and well-being consequences of optimism across 25 years in the Rochester Adult Longitudinal Study","volume":"99","author":"J Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"key":"pone.0321128.ref010","article-title":"Optimism is prospectively associated with adaptation during the covid-19 pandemic.","author":"J Oh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Res Personal"},{"key":"pone.0321128.ref011","article-title":"The association between actor\/partner optimism and cognitive functioning among older couples","author":"J Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Personal"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0321128.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.310828","article-title":"Is optimism associated with healthier cardiovascular-related behavior? 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