{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:08:31Z","timestamp":1792159711834,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Berberis integerrima<\/jats:italic>\n                    Bunge is a valuable plant of the Berberidaceae family used in medicine and industry. The properties of the different parts of this plant vary and depend on the distribution of its secondary metabolites, including alkaloids and phenolic compounds. Here, we aimed to evaluate and compare phenolics and alkaloids of the different organs and tissues of\n                    <jats:italic>B. integerrima<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our results showed that the highest content of phenolic compounds was found in the fruit and leaf, while the total alkaloid level was higher in the root. In the fruit, leaf and stem, the main phenolic acids were caffeic acid, cinnamic acid and gallic acid, respectively. In contrast, the highest levels of ferulic acid, catechin, resveratrol and luteolin were detected in the root. The highest content of berberine, one of the most important alkaloids of barberry, was found in the root, especially in the bark tissue. Further experiments showed that phenolic compounds and berberine, in the aerial organs and root of\n                    <jats:italic>B. integerrima<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively, are likely responsible for the antioxidant capacity of these organs. Given the high berberine content of the root (6.26\u2009mg g\n                    <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                    Dry Weight), and after trying to find a simple yet effective method to extract berberine, it was found that 80% ethanol containing 2% acetic acid at 25 \u00b0C with 72\u2009h of maceration gave the highest berberine yield. Overall, the distribution and accumulation patterns of the secondary metabolites in the different organs of\n                    <jats:italic>B. integerrima<\/jats:italic>\n                    lead to their different applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T13:39:29Z","timestamp":1747661969000},"page":"e0321255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A comparative study of alkaloid and phenolic compounds in different organs and tissues of Berberis integerrima"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Nastaran","family":"Zhaleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1885-3592","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaheh","family":"Samari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Halvagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh Hanieh","family":"Zeidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0321255.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2012.04.012","article-title":"Phyto-chemical and pharmacological applications of Berberis aristata","volume":"83","author":"D Potdar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0321255.ref002","first-page":"569","article-title":"Berberis vulgaris: specifications and traditional uses","volume":"20","author":"M Rahimi-Madiseh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0321255.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.125517","article-title":"Phytochemistry and pharmacology of berberis species","volume":"8","author":"N Mokhber-Dezfuli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacogn 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Dawra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0321255.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9060504","article-title":"Superior antioxidant capacity of Berberis iliensis\u2014HPLC-Q-TOF-MS based phytochemical studies and spectrophotometric determinations","volume":"9","author":"S Abdykerimova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0321255.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27082497","article-title":"Phenolic contents, organic acids, and the antioxidant and bio activity of wild medicinal Berberis plants-as sustainable sources of functional food","volume":"27","author":"L Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0321255.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4171","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24224171","article-title":"Phenolic characterization, antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory properties of Berberis thunbergii DC. leaves: a valuable source of phenolic acids","volume":"24","author":"MDP Fern\u00e1ndez-Poyatos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"pone.0321255.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.05.025","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant activities and phenolic content of Berberis vulgaris L. and Berberis croatica Horvat","volume":"48","author":"MZ Kon\u010di\u0107","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"pone.0321255.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2017.02.004","article-title":"Changes in the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Berberis microphylla G. 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A Review","volume":"2","author":"DL Ambriz-P\u00e9rez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cogent Food Agri"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0321255.ref013","first-page":"181","article-title":"Determination of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of 55 Iranian Berberis genotypes","volume":"12","author":"Z Behrad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Plants By-Prod"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0321255.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201800952","article-title":"A review on analytical methods for natural berberine alkaloids","volume":"42","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sep Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0321255.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.8b00592","article-title":"Isoquinoline alkaloids from Berberis vulgaris as potential lead compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"82","author":"A Hostalkova","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nat 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