{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:02:49Z","timestamp":1787022169364,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Motor imagery is the ability to mentally simulate a motor task without actually performing it. Furthermore, pain is an unpleasant sensory experience that involves different dimensions \u2013 sensory-discriminative, motivational-affective, and cognitive-evaluative \u2013 that are known to interfere with motor imagery. However, it remains unclear which specific pain dimension most significantly impairs motor imagery vividness. This study aims to compare the effects of unpleasant auditory (primarily affective and cognitive) and thermal (primarily sensory) stimuli, which can be assimilated to pain, on discrete and continuous explicit motor imagery sessions. Eighteen healthy participants were exposed to these unpleasant stimuli in addition to a control condition. Participants rated the vividness of their explicit motor imagery after performing full back-and-forth flexion and extension of their wrists in discrete and continuous sessions. Results showed that during discrete explicit motor imagery, only the aversive auditory stimulus significantly reduced motor imagery vividness, whereas thermal pain had no effect. In contrast, motor imagery vividness was preserved during the continuous session. These findings suggest that explicit motor imagery may be more affected by the affective dimension of pain induced by aversive auditory stimuli. The preservation of motor imagery vividness in the continuous session provides insight into the optimization of rehabilitation programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T17:24:53Z","timestamp":1758561893000},"page":"e0321343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The impact of thermal and auditory unpleasant stimulus on explicit motor imagery in healthy individuals: An experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8079-9507","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Cohen-Aknine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Pionnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7564-5394","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Denis","family":"Mottet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Dupeyron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0321343.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001939","article-title":"The Revised IASP definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises","volume":"161","author":"SN Raja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0321343.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858416667716","article-title":"The neural code for pain: From single-cell electrophysiology to the dynamic pain connectome","volume":"23","author":"A Kucyi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0321343.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.11.014","article-title":"Development of a collaborative model of low back pain: report from the 2017 NASS consensus meeting","volume":"19","author":"J Cholewicki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"pone.0321343.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynpai.2024.100150","article-title":"Pain-sensorimotor interactions: new perspectives and a new model","volume":"15","author":"GM Murray","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurobiol Pain"},{"key":"pone.0321343.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynpai.2023.100133","article-title":"Elucidation of the mechanisms of exercise-induced hypoalgesia and pain prolongation due to physical stress and the restriction of movement","volume":"14","author":"K Tanaka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321343.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210418","article-title":"Exercise-induced hypoalgesia: a meta-analysis of exercise dosing for the treatment of chronic pain","volume":"14","author":"AM Polaski","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0321343.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2019.03.005","article-title":"Exercise-induced hypoalgesia in pain-free and chronic pain populations: state of the art and future directions","volume":"20","author":"D Rice","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321343.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2020.04.003","article-title":"Exercise-induced hypoalgesia in healthy individuals and people with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"MA Wewege","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0321343.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215514566248","article-title":"Utilization of motor imagery in upper limb rehabilitation: a systematic scoping review","volume":"29","author":"JE Harris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"pone.0321343.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2021.105705","article-title":"Using motor imagery practice for improving motor performance - 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