{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T04:08:23Z","timestamp":1745640503301,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec040\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate the sensory impacts of COVID-19 infection among wine professionals, and consequences on personal and professional well-being. Our goal was to better understand these effects on an occupational cohort who relies heavily on intact sensory function.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec041\">\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study employs an explanatory sequential mixed methods design comprising of two distinct phases: 1) a cross-sectional survey, followed by 2) qualitative interviews with a subsample of survey respondents.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec042\">\n<jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Wine professionals were recruited at the global level, excluding locations where Instagram is restricted or banned.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec043\">\n<jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Wine professionals (n=128) (ages \u2265 19 years) infected with COVID-19 and experienced sensory impacts were included in the study analysis. Eleven participants completed qualitative interviews.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec044\">\n<jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec045\">\n<jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Symptom profiles, details of taste and smell impact on personal and professional well-being. Effects on specific wine tasting attributes were also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec046\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Infected participants reported typical COVID-19 symptoms. The most frequent first noticed symptoms were sore throat (21.09%; 27\/128), loss of taste or smell (19.53%; 25\/128), fever (17.19%; 22\/128) and cough (16.41%; 21\/128). For those infected and sensory affected, the extent of taste and smell loss was most reported as severe in the majority of cases. The duration of taste and smell loss was resolved within 4 weeks for most participants. A vast proportion of participants reported an impact on their involvement in the wine profession, with the impact severity ranging from significant (20.31%; 26\/128), somewhat (57.03%; 73\/128), and not at all (22.66%; 29\/128). Additionally, participants predominately reported having some impact on their overall quality of life, which was characterized as severe (7.14%; 9\/126), moderate (37.30%; 47\/126), mild (30.16%; 38\/126), and none (25.40%; 32\/126).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec047\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Wine professionals infected with COVID-19 and who experienced sensory alterations reported concerns about their professional and personal\u00a0well-being\u00a0with worries about a potential changing life narrative from losing vital sensory attributes. Policies to provide further resources, including therapeutics, for these professionals and others who suffer from sensory dysfunction are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T17:23:52Z","timestamp":1745601832000},"page":"e0321502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sensory effects of COVID-19 in wine professionals"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1399-2702","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Theodore J.","family":"Witek, Jr.","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0471-4735","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Natasha Yasmin","family":"Sheikhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0321502.ref001","author":"CDC."},{"key":"pone.0321502.ref002","volume-title":"Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID\u201019","author":"ST Moein","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321502.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.11.003","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: new insights into the underlying mechanisms","volume":"46","author":"R Butowt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"20","key":"pone.0321502.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6771","article-title":"Alterations in smell or taste in mildly symptomatic outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"323","author":"G Spinato","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0321502.ref005","first-page":"207","article-title":"A follow-up on quantitative and qualitative olfactory dysfunction and other symptoms in patients recovering from COVID-19 smell loss","volume":"60","author":"K Ohla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0321502.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29383","article-title":"COVID-19: recovery from chemosensory dysfunction. a multicentre study on smell and taste","volume":"131","author":"AS Niklassen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0321502.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.911","article-title":"Patient factors associated with COVID-19 loss of taste or smell patient factors in smell\/taste loss COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"BJ Johnson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0321502.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820939538","article-title":"Olfactory and gustatory outcomes in COVID-19: a prospective evaluation in nonhospitalized subjects","volume":"163","author":"A Paderno","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"pone.0321502.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bjaa081","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjaa081","article-title":"Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 among individuals with recent respiratory symptoms","volume":"46","author":"RC Gerkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0321502.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01433-3","article-title":"Long COVID in a prospective cohort of home-isolated patients","volume":"27","author":"B Blomberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321502.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06839-w","article-title":"Self-reported smell and taste recovery in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a one-year prospective study","volume":"279","author":"P Boscolo-Rizzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0321502.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2022.103607","article-title":"Recovery from Covid-19 smell loss: Two-years of follow up","volume":"43","author":"MP McWilliams","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321502.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e054598","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-054598","article-title":"Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction and quality of life in hospitalised patients 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cohort study","volume":"12","author":"HQM Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0321502.ref014","unstructured":"Wine & Spirit Education Trust. 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