{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T04:15:28Z","timestamp":1744431328055,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health of the United States","award":["DA020555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA020555"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) pose a significant public health challenge, with adolescence representing a critical period of vulnerability for the initiation of alcohol consumption. Variability in drinking behaviors among individuals complicates efforts to characterize developmental trajectories, limiting our understanding of underlying biological mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to identify and characterize distinct patterns of voluntary alcohol consumption in adolescent mice, using advanced statistical methods to model behavioral heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thirty-five male CD-1 outbred mice were monitored for alcohol consumption using a two-bottle free-choice paradigm from early adolescence to young adulthood (4\u201311 weeks of age). Finite mixture modeling, using the method implemented in the software SAS Proc Traj, was applied to categorize individual drinking behaviors into trajectory groups based on Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities (BPP).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Three distinct drinking trajectory groups were identified: non-drinkers, late drinkers, and early drinkers. Non-drinkers exhibited consistently low alcohol consumption throughout the study, late drinkers showed a significant increase in alcohol intake during adolescence-to-adulthood transition, and early drinkers maintained high levels of consumption from the start. Notably, the late and early drinkers converged on similarly high consumption levels by the end of the observation period. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of drinking behaviors during adolescence and its developmental implications.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study demonstrates the utility of finite mixture modeling in characterizing developmental trajectories of voluntary alcohol consumption in adolescent mice. The identification of distinct behavioral trajectory patterns provides a foundation for future investigations into the genetic, molecular, and neural mechanisms underpinning susceptibility to alcohol use disorders.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T17:23:51Z","timestamp":1744392231000},"page":"e0321506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developmental trajectory of voluntary alcohol consumption in adolescent mice using finite mixture modeling and Bayesian posterior probability analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Nathan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2945-1748","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Derek","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4339-3951","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0321506.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106128","article-title":"The epidemiology of alcohol use disorders cross-nationally: findings from the World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"102","author":"MD Glantz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0321506.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2239485","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.39485","article-title":"Estimated deaths attributable to excessive alcohol use among US adults aged 20 to 64 years, 2015 to 2019","volume":"5","author":"MB Esser","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321506.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-024-06882-w","article-title":"Trend of alcohol use disorder as a percentage of all-cause mortality in North America","volume":"17","author":"A Tran","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0321506.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2024.06.006","article-title":"Epidemiology and health care burden of alcohol use disorder","volume":"28","author":"HY Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"pone.0321506.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.10.048","article-title":"Stress and the developing adolescent brain","volume":"249","author":"L Eiland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321506.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2013.10.004","article-title":"Puberty and adolescence as a time of vulnerability to stressors that alter neurobehavioral processes","volume":"35","author":"MK Holder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"pone.0321506.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1308.028","article-title":"Adolescence and the trajectory of alcohol use: basic to clinical studies","author":"SA Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"pone.0321506.ref008","first-page":"143","article-title":"Adolescence. 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