{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T04:09:03Z","timestamp":1781842143706,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024416","name":"Institute of Health, Jimma University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS One"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\nIn 2017, reports of adverse drug reactions worldwide reached an estimated 35 million.Chemotherapeutic agents were one of the most often implicated pharmacological classes in inducing adverse drug reactions. Adverse drug reactions increase the overall expense and mortality. Adverse drug reactions increase morbidity, mortality, hospitalization rate and financial expenses. Therefore, this study intended to assess chemotherapy-related adverse drug reactions and associated factors among adult cancer patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nPatients and method<\/jats:title>\nA facility-based prospective observational study was conducted from July 2022 to October 2022 at Jimma Medical Center\u2019s oncology unit. A standard data collection tool (Naranjo\u2019s algorithm, modified Hartwig\u2019s severity scale, and modified Schumock-Thornton criteria) was used for assessment of causality, severity, and preventability of adverse reactions, respectively. Socio-demographic profile and any adverse drug reactions reported were collected separately. The data was collected by one pharmacist and two nurses after giving training. Data was entered into Epidata version 4.6.0 and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify independent predictors of the pattern of adverse drug reaction occurrence. A P-value of 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResult<\/jats:title>\nOut of 154 patients enrolled in the study, 66.2% were female. The mean age of patients was 41.20\u2009\u00b1\u200913.54 years. From the total, 98 (63.6%) cases developed a total of 198 adverse drug reactions. Out of them, 59.2% were female. The most commonly encountered adverse drug reactions were nausea and vomiting (33.8%) and hair loss (29.3%). Most of the reactions were probable (61.1%) in causality, mild (66.2%) in severity, and not preventable (43.9%) in nature. Female sex (AOR\u2009=\u20091.054; 95% CI= (1.021\u20131.087); P\u2009=\u20090.001), number of chemotherapy treatments (AOR\u2009=\u20093.33; 95% CI= (1.301\u20138.52); P\u2009=\u20090.012), and elderly age (AOR\u2009=\u20093.065; 95% CI= (1.01\u20139.296); P\u2009=\u20090.048) were associated with occurrences of adverse drug reactions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion<\/jats:title>\nWe can deduce from the data that adverse drug reactions are a significant concern for patients undergoing chemotherapy, with nearly two-thirds experiencing ADRs. The most common reactions are nausea and vomiting, which are mostly mild and probable. Age, gender, and the use of several chemotherapy drugs were associated with an increased risk of adverse drug reactions. Hence all concerned bodies should make an effort for early detection and take preventive measure of chemotherapy-related adverse drug reactions. Where feasible, use chemotherapy protocols with alower risk of ADRs. Evaluate dose adjustments for elderly patients. Implement protocols for risk assessment before initiating chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T20:09:56Z","timestamp":1747426196000},"page":"e0321785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Chemotherapy-related adverse drug reaction and associated factors among adult cancer patient attending Jimma medical center oncology unit, Southwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7111-4550","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mukerem Sultan","family":"Shrmeka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mubarik Fetu","family":"Semman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biruk Tafese","family":"Moges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feki Nekir","family":"Dereja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aster Wakjira","family":"Garedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0321785.ref001","first-page":"48","article-title":"The importance of pharmacovigilance","volume-title":"Safety Monitoring of medicinal products","author":"WHO","year":"2002"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0321785.ref002","first-page":"588","article-title":"Chemotherapy Induced Adverse Drug Reactions in Cancer Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India","volume":"9","author":"BS Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Young Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0321785.ref003","first-page":"1","article-title":"Treatment for Cancer","volume":"102","author":"National Cancer Institute","journal-title":"National Institutes of Health"},{"key":"pone.0321785.ref004","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Worldwide cancer data. 2022."},{"key":"pone.0321785.ref005","unstructured":"Gersten T. Types of chemotherapy_ MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. 2021."},{"key":"pone.0321785.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321785.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4103\/picr.PICR_156_16","article-title":"Pattern and impact of drugs targeted toward toxicity amelioration in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy","volume":"9","author":"S Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Perspect Clin Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321785.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.21608\/bfpc.2019.7213.1000","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions of antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents reported to the Egyptian Pharmaceutical Vigilance Center","volume":"57","author":"S Gouda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University"},{"key":"pone.0321785.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2147\/DHPS.S116924","article-title":"Pattern of chemotherapy-related adverse effects among adult cancer patients treated at Gondar University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"S. A. Belachew","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Healthc Patient Saf"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0321785.ref010","first-page":"55","article-title":"Drug Related Problems in Chemotherapy of Cancer Patients","volume":"7","author":"EA Sisay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cancer Sci Ther"},{"key":"pone.0321785.ref011","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fatal adverse drug reactions: A worldwide perspective in the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database","author":"J. Montastruc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0321785.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-019-02702-4","article-title":"Mortality among patients due to adverse drug reactions that occur following hospitalisation: a meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"PB Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0321785.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-022-03287-1","article-title":"Adverse drug reaction management in hospital settings: review on practice variations, quality indicators and education focus","volume":"78","author":"AK Aung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"605","key":"pone.0321785.ref014","first-page":"1","article-title":"Patterns and predictors of early mortality among emergency department patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"8","author":"C H. Cheryl","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0321785.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.12702","article-title":"Mortality from adverse drug reaction-related hospitalizations in south-west Ethiopia_ A cross-sectional study \u2013 PubMed","volume":"43","author":"MT Angamo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321785.ref016","article-title":"Review on Adverse Drug Reactions of Chemotherapy","volume":"3","author":"VM Gokkul","year":"2021","journal-title":"MAR Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0321785.ref017","first-page":"1531","article-title":"Detection, prevention and management of adverse drug reactions","volume":"2","author":"I Fredy","year":"2016","journal-title":"INDO Am J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"pone.0321785.ref018","unstructured":"Global Pharmacovigilance Market Report 2022-2030: Increasing Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) is the Key Growth Driver. 2022."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321785.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15226\/2476-2431\/2\/1\/00114","article-title":"Adverse Drug Reaction due to Cancer Chemotherapy and its Financial Burden in Different Hospitals of Nepal","volume":"2","author":"S Shrestha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Pharmacovigil"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0321785.ref020","first-page":"214","article-title":"Pattern of adverse drug reactions due to cancer chemotherapy in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal","volume":"20","author":"S Mallik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pak J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0321785.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186631","article-title":"Predictors of adverse drug reaction-related hospitalisation in Southwest Ethiopia: A prospective cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"MT Angamo","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0321785.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.4103\/2279-042X.167048","article-title":"Drug-related problems in medical wards of Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Ethiopia","volume":"4","author":"MB Ayalew","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Res Pharm Pract"},{"key":"pone.0321785.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-500X.120957","article-title":"Clinical and economic burden of adverse drug reactions","volume":"4","author":"J Sultana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0321785.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200727060-00002","article-title":"Economic burden of haematological adverse effects in cancer patients: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"SY Liou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321785.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4103\/jrptps.JRPTPS_68_20","article-title":"Incidence and cost of chemotherapy-induced adverse drug reactions among cancer patients in a charitable hospital","volume":"10","author":"J Varghese","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Rep Pharma Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0321785.ref026","article-title":"Adverse Drug Reactions in an Oncological Population: Prevalence, Predictability, and Preventability","volume":"24","author":"HL Amanda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0321785.ref027","first-page":"481","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions","volume":"16","author":"C JamieJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Med Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0321785.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.22270\/ajprd.v6i4.381","article-title":"Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions and Its Management in Female Cancer Patients in a Private Hospital in Telangana, India","volume":"6","author":"BP Reddy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Res Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321785.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-07946-x","article-title":"Adverse reactions of targeted therapy in cancer patients: a retrospective study of hospital medical data in China","volume":"21","author":"R Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"pone.0321785.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00329","article-title":"Patient-Related Risk Factors for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"MHA Mosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0321785.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2013.02.003","article-title":"Factors affecting the development of adverse drug reactions (Review article)","volume":"22","author":"MJ Alomar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm J"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0321785.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.31662\/jmaj.2021-0015","article-title":"Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with the Use of Anticancer Drugs in an Oncology-Based Hospital of Nepal","volume":"5","author":"R Tamang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMA J"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0321785.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.174990","article-title":"Prospective observational study of adverse drug reactions of anticancer drugs used in cancer treatment in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"77","author":"VK Saini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0321785.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1981.154","article-title":"A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions","volume":"30","author":"CA Naranjo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0321785.ref035","first-page":"2229","article-title":"Preventability and severity assessment in reporting adverse drug reactions","volume":"49","author":"SC Hartwig","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0321785.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199456","article-title":"Causality and preventability assessment of adverse drug reactions and adverse drug events of antibiotics among hospitalized patients: A multicenter, cross-sectional study in Lahore, Pakistan","volume":"13","author":"S Iftikhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0321785.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200528100-00003","article-title":"Clarification of terminology in drug safety","volume":"28","author":"JK Aronson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0321785.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098616672572","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions due to cancer chemotherapy in a tertiary care teaching hospital","volume":"8","author":"JB Wahlang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321785.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5851.177015","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced adverse drug reactions in oncology patients: A prospective observational survey","volume":"37","author":"D Chopra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0321785.ref040","first-page":"109","article-title":"Pattern of adverse drug reactions due to cancer chemotherapy in a tertiary care hospital in South India","volume":"6","author":"A Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0321785.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3126\/jcmc.v4i4.11967","article-title":"Study of pattern of adverse drug reaction due to cancer chemotherapy and their management in hospitalized patient in B P koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital","volume":"4","author":"K Thapaliya","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Chitwan Med Coll"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0321785.ref042","first-page":"333","article-title":"Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions Due to Cancer Chemotherapy in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Gujarat","volume":"3","author":"YN Goyal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0321785.ref043","first-page":"107","article-title":"Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions Due to Cancer Chemotherapy in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Eastern India","volume":"1","author":"A Prasad","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pharmacovigil"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0321785.ref044","article-title":"Monitoring report on 341 cases of adverse reactions caused by antitumor drugs","volume":"6","author":"H-J Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"African J Microbiol Res"},{"key":"pone.0321785.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2147\/DHPS.S254644","article-title":"Chemotherapy-Related Adverse Drug Reaction and Associated Factors Among Hospitalized Paediatric Cancer Patients at Hospitals in North-West Ethiopia","volume":"12","author":"G Workalemah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Healthc Patient Saf"},{"issue":"04","key":"pone.0321785.ref046","first-page":"263","article-title":"Assessment of pattern of adverse drug reactions from anti-cancer drugs in a tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"R Mathur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci Clin Res Rev"},{"issue":"02","key":"pone.0321785.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.4103\/sajc.sajc_218_18","article-title":"Predictors of adverse drug reactions in geriatric patients: An exploratory study among cancer patients","volume":"8","author":"SG Sneha","year":"2019","journal-title":"South Asian J Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0321785.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261473","article-title":"Risk factors and pharmacotherapy for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in paclitaxel-treated female cancer survivors: A retrospective study in Japan","volume":"16","author":"S. Hiramoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["PLOS One"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0321785","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T20:10:10Z","timestamp":1747426210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0321785"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ruo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0321785","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]}}}