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The demand for camel milk increased due to the belief that traditional camel farming practices produce safe milk with health benefits. For assessing the importance of antibiotic residues in camel milk and to propose a convenient withdrawal period, a trial was conducted on 10 lactating camels (7\u201312 years old; 450\u2009kg life weight (LW), 7\u20138 liter of milk production per day) at mid-lactation receiving an injection of 40\u2009mL of Pen-strep\u00ae (benzylpenicillin-procaine 200,000 IU\/1\u2009ml and dihydrostreptomycin sulfate 200\u2009mg\/1\u2009ml) and Nitox\u00ae (oxytetracycline dihydrate 200\u2009mg\/1\u2009ml). The antibiotic residues were measured in the milk 30\u2009min after injection then on day 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 14, 19, 24 and 56 by using HPLC-MS\/MS. Results showed that penicillin\u2019s mean residual concentration (0.3 \u00b1 0.013\u2009mg\/kg) remained 7.5 times above the maximum residue limit (MRL) even on 56th day. In contrast, streptomycin fell below the MRL within 30 minutes and averaged 1 \u00b5g\/kg by day 56. Oxytetracycline levels exceeded the MRL (0.1\u2009mg\/kg) until day 14 but dropped to a safe level of 0.018 \u00b1 0.01\u2009mg\/kg by day 24. In conclusion, the decline in streptomycin concentration post-injection appeared rapid and efficient, the elimination of penicillin and tetracycline was slow. These preliminary results lead to considering the necessity to adapt the waiting time to the dairy camel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0321807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T17:30:49Z","timestamp":1745343049000},"page":"e0321807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Study of biological safety of camel milk after treatment with different antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7874-3857","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zauresh","family":"Bilal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3325-4018","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Farida","family":"Amutova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaira","family":"Kabdullina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariga","family":"Utemuratova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4320-1737","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Askar","family":"Kondybayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shynar","family":"Akhmetsadykova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaidar","family":"Musayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurlan","family":"Akhmetsadykov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5762-5453","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bernard","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0171-3582","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gaukhar","family":"Konuspayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0321807.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfac048","article-title":"Camel breeding in Kazakhstan and future perspectives","volume":"12","author":"SH Akhmetsadykova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Front"},{"key":"pone.0321807.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-79389-0","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of Dromedary Camels. 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